Nafion 117

Manufactured by DuPont

Sourced in United States

Nafion 117 is a proton exchange membrane (PEM) manufactured by DuPont. It is a fluoropolymer material that exhibits high ionic conductivity and chemical stability, making it suitable for use in various electrochemical applications. The core function of Nafion 117 is to selectively transport protons while acting as an electrical insulator.

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Nafion (35 citations) Nafion 117 membrane (23 citations) Nafion 117 film (4 citations) Nafion 117 proton exchange membrane (3 citations) Nafion® 117 solution (2 citations)

23 protocols using nafion 117

Electrochemical Evaluation of Pt Catalysts

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Platinum (II) acetylacetonate (Pt(acac)₂), 5 N hydrochloric acid (HCl), ethanol, 2-propanol, and 0.1 M perchloric acid (HClO₄) were all purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. (Osaka, Japan) Pluronic^® F127 was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. 5% Nafion^® dispersion solution and Nafion^® 117 were obtained from Dupont (Wilmington, DE, USA). Milli-Q water was used in all cases. Those chemicals were used without any further purification.
For the electrochemical evaluation, Pt black and Pt/KB (TEC10E50E) were used as standard electrocatalysts for the comparison in this study and obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. and Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. (Tokyo, Japan), respectively.

Muto M., Nagayama M., Sasaki K, & Hayashi A. (2020). Development of Porous Pt Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions. Molecules, 25(10), 2398.

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Nickel Alloy Electrochemical Evaluation

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Ni plate with a thickness of 0.1 mm and a purity of 99.99% was bought from the Shengshi Da Metal Materials Co. 1J36, 1J50, and 1J85 plates (thickness of 0.1 mm, purity of 99.99%) were bought from the Sajing Special Alloys Co. 1J35, 1J50, and 1J85 are Ni alloys, where the number represents the approximate Ni content. 1J85 plate (50 × 50 × 3 mm) was bought from the Shengyu Metal Materials Co. HMF (AR) was bought from Aladdin Shanghai Co. HMF, FDCA, HMFCA and FFCA (standard for LC) were also bought from Aladdin Shanghai Co. Potassium hydroxide (KOH, AR) was bought from Kemei Chemical Tianjin Co. The proton exchange membrane with electrical conductivity of 0.083 S cm⁻¹ (Nafion 117) was bought from DuPont Co. All electrolyte solutions were prepared using ultra‐pure water. All materials were no further treatment.

Liu J, & Tao S. (2023). Laser Promoting Oxygen Vacancies Generation in Alloy via Mo for HMF Electrochemical Oxidation. Advanced Science, 10(27), 2302641.

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Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Cu/CuxO

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All the electrochemical measurements were carried out on Metrohm Autolab PGSTAT302N with standard three electrode system in a custom designed two compartment cell with a Nafion 117 (DuPont) membrane. The CFPs modified with Cu/Cu_xO or Cu/Cu_xO-GO has been used as working electrode, Ag/AgCl (saturated with KCl) as a reference electrode in cathode chamber and Pt foil as counter electrode (separately) in an anode chamber. All the potentials were referenced vis-a-vis reversible hydrogen electrode using the formula E_RHE, V = E_(Ag/AgCl), V + 0.197 V + (0.059 × pH) V after correcting for uncompensated ohmic losses determined through impedance measurements. 0.2 M KHCO₃ saturated with either argon or CO₂ was used as an electrolyte medium for all the CO₂ reduction measurements, unless mentioned otherwise. 0.1 M HClO₄ was used to record the CVs (cyclic voltammograms) for electrochemical surface area (ECSA) measurements. In order to avoid the effect of pH variation in CO₂ purged solutions (generally, pH decreases upon CO₂ purging as solution becomes more acidic), pH of the argon saturated electrolyte solutions was adjusted to 7.00 which was the pH of solutions saturated with CO₂ (purging for an hour with 20 mL min⁻¹ of flow rate).

Rashid N., Bhat M.A., Goutam U.K, & Ingole P.P. (2020). Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene on Cu/CuxO-GO composites in aqueous solution. RSC Advances, 10(30), 17572-17581.

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Dual-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell for Chromium Removal

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The structure of the dual-chamber MFC is similar to that reported by Song et al. [10 (link)]. The dual-chamber MFC was made of plexiglas material (net volume of 120 ml each). The two chambers were separated by a proton exchange membrane (Nafion117, Dupont Co., USA). The anode was made of graphite felt (40 mm × 40 mm × 5 mm, length × width × thickness). An RVC-CNT biocathode or RVC biocathode (50 mm × 25 mm × 10 mm, length × width × thickness) was placed in the cathode chamber. The anode chamber of the MFC was inoculated with 5 ml of anaerobic activated sludge and 115 ml of glucose culture medium (pH 7.0, per litre of deionized H₂O) consisting of 0.31 g NH₄Cl, 11.53 g Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O, 2.77 g NaH₂PO₄·2H₂O, 0.13 g KCl and 1 g glucose. The cathode medium (11.53 g l⁻¹ Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O, 0.28 g l⁻¹ NH₄Cl, 2.77 g l⁻¹ NaH₂PO₄·2H₂O, 0.39 g l⁻¹ KCl, 0.1 g l⁻¹ NaHCO₃) containing 20 mg l⁻¹ Cr(VI) (prepared by dissolving K₂Cr₂O₇ in deionized water) was added to the cathode chamber. The MFCs were operated at a fixed external resistance of 1000 Ω and maintained at 30°C. All experiments were carried out in duplicate under each experimental condition.

Fei K., Song T.S., Wang H., Zhang D., Tao R, & Xie J. (2017). Electrophoretic deposition of carbon nanotube on reticulated vitreous carbon for hexavalent chromium removal in a biocathode microbial fuel cell. Royal Society Open Science, 4(10), 170798.

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Characterization of Copper Chloride Catalysts

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Copper (II) chloride (CuCl2, Sigma aldrich, 98 %), lignin (alkaline, TCI, L0082), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4, Alpha chemical, 98 % ), Nafion117 ® (Dupont, USA), Ni foam (Fiaxell, Switzerland) were used as received without further treatment. All experiments were carried out using ultra-pure 18 MΩ cm.

Chanda D., Tufa R.A., Aili D, & Basu S. (2021). Electroreduction of CO₂to ethanol by electrochemically deposited Cu-lignin complexes on Ni foam electrodes. Nanotechnology, 33(5).

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Microbial Fuel Cell Design and Evaluation

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Two types of MFCs with different designs were constructed as shown in Figure 1. Both anodic and cathodic chambers
of fabricated MFC₁ and MFC₂ in the laboratory scale were made of plexiglass. The volume of each chamber
in MFC₁ and MFC₂ (anode and cathode chambers) was 600 mL and the related working volume was 500 mL. Nafion 117
(DuPont, Wilmington, USA) was used to separate anode and cathode compartment. Carbon cloth was used as electrode
for both MFCs (plain, T-300, Toray) and projected surfaces of electrodes and membrane were 60 cm² and 32 cm² for MFC₁ and MFC₂,
respectively. Prior to use, the electrodes were immersed in distilled water for an hour and membrane was under acid and hydrogen
peroxide treatment. The cathode and anode were connected with titanium wire and voltage was recorded using a digital multimeter (Fluke 289 True RMS).

Nourbakhsh F., Pazouki M, & Mohsennia M 3. (2020). Simultaneous Investigation of Three Effective Parameters of Substrate, Microorganism Type and Reactor Design on Power Generation in a Dual-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells. Iranian Journal of Biotechnology, 18(2), e2292.

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Membrane Materials for Fuel Cells

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Nafion 117 (183 μm thick, 360 g m⁻²; DuPont), Nafion 212 (50.8 μm thick, 100 g m⁻²; DuPont), Nafion 1035 (89 μm thick, 175 g m²; Chemours), Aquivion E87 – 05S (50 μm thick, 1.93 g cm³; Solvay), and Aquivion E98 – 05 (50 μm thick, 1.93 g cm³; Solvay) were used in this work. Further experimental and analytical methods for CARS spectroscopy and microscopy are described in SI Appendix, Experimental Methods.

Ling X., Bonn M., Domke K.F, & Parekh S.H. (2019). Correlated interfacial water transport and proton conductivity in perfluorosulfonic acid membranes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(18), 8715-8720.

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Humin Electrochemical Potential Measurement

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A H-shaped dual chamber electrochemical cell separated with a proton exchange membrane (Nafion 117, DuPont, Japan, Tokyo) [36 (link)] was used for measurement of bulk potential of 4 g humin in 200 mL volume of anaerobic Med-A (in absence of vitamin, reducing agent, or PCP) under agitation by mechanical stirring. Coiled platinum (Pt) wires of 0.8 mm diameter and 1 m length (Nilaco, Tokyo, Japan) were used as both working, and counter electrodes; and Ag/AgCl glass electrode was used as a reference electrode (+250 ± 5 mV vs. SHE, Fusheng Analytical Instrument Co., Shanghai, China). The redox potential of the reference electrode was measured post use to check for discrepancies. The Pt wires were brushed clean, sonicated at 40 °C in pure water, and soaked in 5N HCl solution for 6 h, followed with wash in pure water before use.

Laskar M., Kasai T., Awata T, & Katayama A. (2020). Humin Assists Reductive Acetogenesis in Absence of Other External Electron Donor. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4211.

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Two-Chamber MFC Biosensor Design

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The structure of a MFC biosensor was a typical two-chamber unit. The rectangular anode and cathode compartments were constructed from polyacrylic plastic (working volume: 170 mL each) and physically separated using a proton exchange membrane (PEM; Nafion 117, DuPont Co., Fayetteville, NC, USA) with a surface area of 49 cm². The plain porous carbon paper (30.25 cm² surface area) was used as electrodes with an OK line or wire connecting them through a variable resistor. Four pores were located at the top of the MFC for in and out of the electrode wire, addition and sampling of solutions, and online detection of ORP and pH. The anolyte of the MFC contained the diluted LBCr medium, unless stated otherwise, and the catholyte of the MFC contained 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7) and 100 mM NaCl solutions. The anode compartment was maintained anoxic by purging with nitrogen gas.

Wang G.H., Cheng C.Y., Liu M.H., Chen T.Y., Hsieh M.C, & Chung Y.C. (2016). Utility of Ochrobactrum anthropi YC152 in a Microbial Fuel Cell as an Early Warning Device for Hexavalent Chromium Determination. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 16(8), 1272.

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Electrochemical Degradation of Insecticide CVP

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Electrolysis experiments were carried out galvanostatically in an undivided cell at applied current densities values (i) between 17 and 83 mA cm -2 using a power supply (Peaktech ® 1585) during 4 hours. The solution to be treated consisted of 250 cm 3 of 60 ppm of CVP (Sigma-Aldrich) in 0.014 M of Na2SO4 as supporting electrolyte. Two different materials were used as anodes: a microporous Sbdoped SnO2 ceramic electrode, described in previous studies (Mora-Gómez et al., 2020 , 2019 , 2018) , and a Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode (NeoCoat SA, Switzerland). The area of both anodes was 12 cm 2 . As cathode and reference electrodes were used an AISI 304 stainless steel sheet of 20 cm 2 , and an Ag/AgCl one, respectively.
Electro-oxidation tests were also performed in a divided reactor by a cationexchange membrane (Nafion 117 from Dupont). In this reactor, the solution to be treated containing the insecticide (60 mg L -1 of CVP and 0.014 M of Na2SO4) was introduced in the anodic compartment and a solution with the same concentration of supporting electrolyte without CVP was put in the cathodic compartment.
The effect of the concentration of the supporting electrolyte was also studied under this reactor configuration. For this purpose, electrochemical tests were carried out with different concentrations of Na2SO4: 0.014, 0.05 and 0.1 M.

Mora-Gómez J., Escribá-Jiménez S., Carrillo-Abad J., García-Gabaldón M., Montañés M.T., Mestre S, & Pérez-Herranz V. (2022). Study of the chlorfenvinphos pesticide removal under different anodic materials and different reactor configuration. Chemosphere, 290.

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