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6 protocols using coptisine

1

Investigating Antioxidant Compounds in Cell Studies

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Cyanidin 3−sambubioside (C3S; CAS no. 33012−73−6), luteolin−5−O−glucoside (L5G; CAS no. 20344−46−1), rutin (RUT; CAS no. 153−18−4), echinacoside (ECH; CAS no. 82854−37−3), apigenin (API; CAS no. 520−36−5), kaempferol (KAEM; 520−18−3), coptisine (COP; CAS no. 3486−66−6), magnoflorine (MAG; CAS no. 2141−09−5), and piperine (PIP; CAS no. 94−62−2) were purchased from Yuanye Biotechnology Company (Shanghai, China). α−Tocopherol (αT; CAS no. 10191−41−0), ellagic acid (EA; CAS no. 476−66−4), and H2O2 were obtained from Aladdin® (Shanghai, China). RPMI−1640 medium and fetal bovine serum were procured from Hyclone (Logan, Utah, USA), 0.5% trypsin EDTA, penicillin, and streptomycin were purchased from Keyi (Hangzhou, China). Antibodies to Nrf2, histone H3, and β−actin; anti−mouse−horseradish peroxide (HRP) IgG; and anti−rabbit–HRP–IgG were acquired from Abcam (London, UK). α−Tocopherol was used as a positive control.
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2

BTWT Herbal Components and Characterization

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The concentrated granules (with a concentrate to dried herb ratio of 10:0.9) of four component herbs of BTWT, R. pulsatilla, R. coptidis, C. phellodendri, and C. fraxini (lot numbers 8055671, 9010401, 1612619, and 7122571, respectively), were purchased from Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Foshan, China). The structures of representative components from the four herbs are shown in Fig. 1. AB4, AA3, 23-HA, aesculin, aesculetin, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, coptisine, epiberberine, and phellodendrine were purchased from Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd at the highest available purity (98%) (Shanghai, China). Berberine hydrochloride was purchased from Shenzhen ChemStrong Scientific Co., Ltd (Shenzhen, China) at the highest available purity (95%). DSS was purchased from MP Biomedicals (MW; 36,000 − 50,000, Solon, OH, USA). The stool bleeding test kit was purchased from BaSO Bio-Technology Co., Ltd (Zhuhai, China). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Deionized water was purified using a Millipore water purification system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA). All other reagents used were of analytical grade.

The label components of the four component herbs of BTWT

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3

Composition and Characterization of TAZF

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Carbamazepine (CAS No.: 298–46-4), berberine (CAS No.: 2086-83-1), coptisine (CAS No.: 6020-18-4), epiberberine (CAS No.: 6873-09-2), palmatine (CAS No.: 3486-67-7), jatrorrhizine (CAS No.: 3621-38-3), columbamine (CAS No.: 483–34-1), evodiamine (CAS No.: 518–17-2) and rutaecarpine (CAS No.: 20575–76-2), all > 98% purity, were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Company. Acetonitrile and methanol (LC grade) were purchased from Fisher Chemical, USA. Formaldehyde (AR) was purchased from Beijing Tong Guang Fine Chemicals Company. Isoflurane was provided by HARVEYBIO Company.
TAZF was provided by the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University. The concentrations of the compounds in TAZF were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with berberine accounting for the majority of TAZF at a ratio of 14.73% (g/g), followed by palmatine (3.14%), coptisine (2.52%), evodiamine (1.41%), epiberberine (1.30%), rutaecarpine (1.27%), columbamine (0.90%) and jatrorrhizine (0.47%).
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4

Herbal Compound Evaluation for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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XLP was purchased from the Hubei Xianglian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Z42020398, Hubei, China, the compositions were shown in Table 1). Standard solutions of berberine, jatrorrhizine, costunolide, coptisine, and palmatine were purchased from Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China, cat# B21449, B21451, B20891, B21438, B21433). DSS (36,000–50,000 MW) was purchased from MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA, United States, cat# 160110). 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States, cat#A79809). 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was purchased from Selleck (Huston, TX, United States, cat#S2767).
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5

Optimized Acetylcholinesterase Assay

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Acetylcholinesterase from Electrophorus electricus (eelAChE) type VI-S, acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCh) and 5,5 -dithio-bis-(2nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB or Ellman's reagent) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (␥-MAPS), 2,2 -azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA), galantamine, 1,4-butanediol, 1-propanol and ammonium acetate were all purchased from Aladdin Chemicals (Shanghai, China). Acebutolol hydrochloride was obtained from the Guangdong Institute for Food and Drug Control (Guangzhou, China). Coptisine, berberine, jatrorrhizine hydrochloride, palmatine hydrochloride, columbamine, dehydrocorydaline, tetrahydropalmatine and corydaline were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co. Ltd. HPLC-grade methanol (MeOH) and acetonitrile (ACN) were obtained from Merck (Shanghai, China). The fused-silica capillaries with an inner diameter of 400 m (800 m O.D.) were purchased from Polymicro Technologies Ltd. (Phoenix, AZ, USA).
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6

Protective Effects of HDAX on ER Stress

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HDAX were mainly composed of Coptidis Rhizoma, Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Puerariae, Radix Ophiopogonis, Eriobotryae Folium, and Radix Notoginseng, which were purchased from Anhui Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine. Notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, puerarin, acteoside, berberine, coptisine, and palmatine hydrochloride were purchased from Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The primary antibody of GRP78, CHOP was purchased from A nity Bioscience (1:1300, USA); Caspase-12, Caspase-9, Caspase-3 were obtained from Bioss (1:1000, Beijing, China); Bax, Bcl-2 was provided by Bioworld (1:1000, Nanjing, China).
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