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16 protocols using pancreatin

1

In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of starch

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Artificial rat saliva and gastric juice were prepared following the method of Chen et al. [10 (link)] and Wu et al. [14 (link)]. Artificial pancreatic juice and bile juice were prepared according to Wu et al. [15 (link)]. Glucose concentration was determined with a D-glucose assay kit (GOPOD-Format) (Megazyme International Ireland Ltd., Wicklow, Ireland). Gastric mucin and α-amylase were obtained from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA). Amyloglucosidase, pancreatin, and pepsin were obtained from Solarbio (Shanghai Solarbio Bioscience & Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China). All other chemical reagents were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China).
The DIVRSD-II model was applied to digestion of HPH-treated starch [15 (link)]. Starch samples (200 mg, dry basis) were dispersed in 2.0 mL of water and cooked for 15 min until gelatinized. Then 2.0 mL of artificial saliva (37 °C) was added to mimic oral digestion [16 (link)]. The food samples were digested in the DIVRSD-II model in batches as reported by Wu et al. [15 (link)] for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min.
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2

Porcine Deltacoronavirus Cultivation and Titration

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PDCoV-MW816149 (GenBank accession no. MW816149) was a kind gift from Dr. Aiqing Jia and was isolated in Guangdong Province in 2018. The PDCoV was cultured using porcine testicular epithelial cells (ST) in this study. For PDCoV infection, the virus was diluted using DMEM containing 10 μg/mL Pancreatin (Solarbio, Beijing, China; T1350) added to the ST cells. Upon reaching 50% cytopathic effect (CPE), both the cells and supernatants were harvested, and cells were freeze–thawed three times. The viral titer of PDCoV was 1 × 106 TCID50/mL by the Reed Muench method.
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3

Neonatal Mouse Cardiomyocyte Isolation and Culture

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Cardiomyocytes were isolated from neonatal mice (1 to 3 days). Myocardial tissues were digested with 0.25% pancreatin (Solarbio, China). After filtering and centrifugation (1500 revolutions per minute at 4 °C for 5 min), the isolated cells were collected and cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; HyClone, USA) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; BI, Israel) for 1.5 h to remove noncardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes were seeded into another culture plate and incubated under 5% CO2 at 37 °C [26 (link), 29 (link), 30 (link)]. After 48 h, the cardiomyocytes were used for the following experiments.
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4

Extraction and Characterization of Fish Scales

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Fish (Cyprinus carpio L.) scales (FS) were harvested at the Guizhou Fisheries Research Institute experimental base (Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China). The FS were washed with tap water and placed in an oven (WGL-65B, Taisite Instrument Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China) at 40 °C for 24 h to eliminate residual water. The dried FS were stored in a desiccator before use. Curcumin (purity ˃ 90 %) was purchased from Merck-Schuchardt Co. (Hohenbrunn, Germany). Pre-stained protein markers (bands 1–8: 55, 65, 90, 130, 165, 210, 270 and 320 kDa) were purchased from Wolsen Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium azide and acetonitrile (chromatographic grade) were procured from Chron Chemicals Co., Ltd. (Cheng Du, China). Pepsin (4000 U/g) and pancreatin (3000 U/g) were supplied by Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China) and Yuanye Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), respectively. Other analytical grade chemicals were obtained from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).
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5

Adhesive Hydrogel for Tissue Repair

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To prepare the adhesive hydrogel, acrylic acid (AAc, Aladdin), chitosan (MW = 30,000, Macklin), α-ketoglutaric acid (α-keto, Sigma-Aldrich), NHS (Macklin), and EDC (Yuanye Bio-Technology) were used. Saline was used to purify the above-mentioned hydrogel and to remove the unreacted AAc. Liquid nitrogen was used to freeze-dry prepared hydrogels yielding ACPs. During the in vitro biodegradation test, Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS, without calcium and magnesium, Gibco), Lysozyme (Sigma-Aldrich), and Pancreatin (Solarbio) were used. In the 180-degree peel test, acrylamide (AAm, Aladdin), N, N’-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA, Sigma-Aldrich), and α-ketoglutaric acid (α-keto, Sigma-Aldrich) were used to prepare a tough hydrogel. In addition, the stiff backing layer applied for the tissues and tough hydrogel was made of poly (methyl methacrylate) films (70 μm in thickness, Anyuan Tech) and instant glue (PR100, 3 M).
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6

Simulated Gastrointestinal Survival of Lactobacillus

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The simulated gastric juice (SGJ) was composed of 27 mg/ml of pepsin (Solarbio, Beijing, China) dissolved in 0.50% (w/v) saline solution (pH 2.50), whereas the simulated small intestinal juice (SSIJ) was composed of 0.27 mg/ml of pancreatin (Solarbio, Beijing, China) in 0.50% of saline at pH 8.00. Cells from the pre-cultivation of L. plantarum strains were harvested and resuspended in SGJ with an initial cell density of 108 CFU/ml and incubated at 37°C for 3 h. Then, 0.50 ml of incubated SGJs was added to 4.50 ml SSIJ and cultivated at 37°C for another 3 h. The survival rates of SGJ and SSIJ were determined by counting viable cells on MRS agar plates after inoculation with cultures from simulating gastrointestinal transit tests (Fei et al., 2018 (link)). The analyses for each strain were performed in triplicate. The survival rate was expressed using the following equation:
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7

Extraction and Characterization of Fish Scales

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Fresh fish (Cyprinus carpio L.) scales (FS) were obtained from the experimental base at Guizhou Fisheries Research Institute (Guiyang, China). FS were washed with tap water 3 times and placed in an oven (WGL-65B, Taisite Instrument Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China) at 40 °C for 20 h. The dried FS were finally stored at 15 ± 0.5 °C in a Ziplock plastic bag and placed in a dry environment until analysis. Curcumin (purity > 90%) was purchased from Merck-Schuchardt Co. (Hohenbrunn, Germany). 2-Octen-1-ylsuccinic anhydride of 210.26 g/mol was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Trifluoroacetic acid (analytical grade) and acetonitrile (chromatographic grade) were purchased from Chron Chemicals Co,. Ltd. (Cheng Du, China). Pepsin (4000 U/g) and pancreatin (3000 U/g) were purchased from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China) and Yuanye Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All chemicals were analytical reagents without further purification.
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8

Broccoli Seed Nutrient Digestion Protocol

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The seeds of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) were purchased from Jiangsu Zhongjiang Seed Industry Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). The chemical standard of SFN was purchased from Sichuan Purechem Standard Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, Sichuan, China). Oxoid Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Gastric lipase, α-amylase, pepsin, pancreatin, trypsin and bile salt were purchased from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). SCFAs, including acetic, propionic, n-butyric, i-butyric, n-valeric and i-valeric acids, were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Mucin was purchased from Huhui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Every other chemical reagent that was used was of analytical grade.
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9

Natural Ingredients for Biomedical Research

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Shellac was provided by Yunnan Zelin Forestry Technology Co., ltd (China). The others were purchased from Solarbio Co., ltd (China), including Cur, lecithin, pepsin, pancreatin, and bile salts.
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10

Pickering Emulsion with Curcumin Delivery

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The emulsifiers in Pickering emulsion were composed of ovotransferrin (an assay of no less than 88%) and gum arabic, which were procured from Neova Technologies Inc. (Abbotsford, BC, Canada) and Macklin Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The oil phase in Pickering emulsion consisted of canola oil and candelilla wax, which were supplied by Yihai Kerry Food Marketing Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and Aladdin Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Curcumin (purity over 95%) was acquired from Ryon Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Pepsin (3 × 103 U/g) and pancreatin (4 × 103 U/g) were purchased from Solarbio Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Fluorescent dyes (Nile red and Nile blue A) were procured from Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Pig bile salt, calcium chloride, and sodium chloride were of analytical grade and were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagents (Shanghai, China).
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