Oil red O staining was performed as the previously described method [31 (link)]. In brief, 7 μm thick hepatic tissue sections were prepared and mounted on the slide. The tissue section was stained with oil red O solution for 15 min at 60 °C, followed by washing with 60% isopropanol. The section was stained with hematoxylin for 30 s, washed with water, and visualized under a microscope.
Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed to detect proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 as the previously described method [35 (link)]. In brief, IHC primary antibody (ab9324, Abcam, London, UK) was diluted (1:200) according to the manufacturer’s instructions and incubated overnight at 4 °C with tissue section. The IHC reaction was visualized using the EnVision + System-HRP polymer kit as a secondary antibody (1:1000, Code K4001, Dako, Glostrup, Denmark). The tissue was visualized under an optical microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Hepatic DHE staining for the ROS analysis was performed using the same protocol described in