Authentic analytical standards, retinol, retinyl palmitate (cis- and trans-isomer), retinyl acetate (cis- and trans-isomer), α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, cis-phylloquinone (cis-K1), trans-phylloquinone (trans-K1), menaquinone-4 (K2-MK4), cholecalciferol (D3) and ergocalciferol (D2) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Poznań, Poland). Vitamin D compounds and β-tocopherol were received from Sigma-Aldrich as standard solutions, 1 mg/mL in ethanol and 50 mg/mL in hexane, respectively. According to standard certificates, retinyl acetate as well as retinyl palmitate and phylloquinone (K1) contain 5% of cis-isomer. As for the materials for separation and analyses, commercially-available, cold-pressed hemp seed oil was used as well as the waste fish oil delivered by the A-SENSE company (Puławy, Poland). Each standard solution was injected alone to measure the corresponding retention time and UV spectrum (Sigma-Aldrich, Poznań, Poland).
β tocopherol
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, China
β-tocopherol is a chemical compound that is a form of vitamin E. It is a component of some laboratory equipment and reagents used in scientific research and analysis.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
γ tocopherol, by Merck Group (13 mentions)
α tocopherol, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
δ tocopherol, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Acetylthiocholine iodide, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Retinol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Physostigmine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Squalene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N hexane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
L ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
5α cholestane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Vanillic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Rosmarinic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Milli q purification system, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Diosmin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
17 protocols using β tocopherol
1
Quantitative Analysis of Vitamins in Oils
2
Tocopherol and Fatty Acid Analysis
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Chemicals used were identical to Krauß et al.25 (link),27 (link) with few exceptions. (R,R,R)-α-tocopherol (≥97%) and (R,R,R)-γ-tocopherol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany), while β-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol were from Supelco Analytical (Bellefonte, USA). Thionyl chloride, myristic acid (≥98%) and α-linolenic acid were from Fluka (Steinheim, Germany) and lauric acid and pentadecanoic acid (both >99%) were ordered from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
3
Analytical Characterization of Lipids
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Organic solvents, such as n-heptane and n-hexane (reagent grade) were purchased from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA), while n-hexane and ethyl acetate (HPLC grade) were supplied by LiChrosolv (Merk, Darmstadt, Germany). Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) reference standards (C4–C24) and commercial standards of single tocopherols (α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol, 98% purity each) were from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA). Trace metal analysis grade hydrogen peroxide (30% v/v) and nitric acid (65% v/v), and ultrapure water, with resistivity of 10 mΩ cm, were purchased from J.T. Baker (Milan, Italy). Stock solutions of Na, Mg, K, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Se, As, Cd, and Pb (1000 mg/L in 2% HNO3, each) were provided by Fluka (Milan, Italy).
4
Extraction and Quantification of Lipophilic Antioxidants
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CO2 and N2 were obtained from Gaschema (Jonava, Lithuania); α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, β-carotene, and hexane were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
5
Antioxidant and Cholinesterase Inhibition Assays
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Acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCI), ascorbic acid, bovine serum albumin (BSA), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 5,5-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), Folin-Ciocalteau Reagent (FCR), gallic acid, physostigmine, and β-tocopherol were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Irvine, UK).
6
Quantification of Tocopherols and Squalene
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Squalene, α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). High performance liquid chromatography- (HPLC-) grade methanol was purchased from Honeywell (Muskegon, MI, USA). Ultrapure water was prepared using a Millipore Milli-RO 12 plus system (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA). Streptozocin (STZ) was purchased from the Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotech. Inc., Santa Cruz, Calif., USA, and Cell Signaling Technology Inc., Danvers, MA. Other chemical reagents were all of analytical grade.
7
Tocopherol and Phytosterol Quantification
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Tocopherol standards (α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol, purity>98%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical (Nanjing, China). Brassicasterol, campesterol, and β-sitosterol standards (purity≥98%) were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical (Nanjing, China). N-hexane, methanol, anhydrous ethanol, acetonitrile (HPLC grade) were obtained from Merck (Nanjing, China). Trolox, AAPH, fluorescein, PBS and other solvents and reagents (analytical grade) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Shanghai, China).
8
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Assay
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Acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCI), L-ascorbic acid, bovine serum albumin (BSA), 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 5,5-dithiobis [2-nitrobenzoic acid] (DTNB), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, physostigmine, and β-tocopherol were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Poole, UK), as were all the other chemicals used unless stated otherwise.
9
Optimized Tree Peony Seed Oil Extraction
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Fresh tree peony seeds were obtained from Heze (Shandong, China). The moisture content was 4.78%. The adjustment of moisture content of 8% was decided after the preliminary experimental study of the effect of different moisture (6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%) (Supplement Table S1 ) on oil extracted from the seeds at RF 140 °C, for which it was found that 8% led to a higher oil yield.
The 5α-cholestane (purity ≥ 97%), α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, 37 fatty acid methyl ester mixtures standard, BSTFA + TMCS, squalene, DPPH, TPTZ, FeCl3, KBr, Trolox and p-anisidine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chromatographic grade reagents were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The analytical reagents were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).
The 5α-cholestane (purity ≥ 97%), α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, 37 fatty acid methyl ester mixtures standard, BSTFA + TMCS, squalene, DPPH, TPTZ, FeCl3, KBr, Trolox and p-anisidine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chromatographic grade reagents were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The analytical reagents were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).
10
Antioxidant Assay Protocol
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Acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCI), L-ascorbic acid, bovine serum albumin (BSA), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 5,5,-dithiobis[2-nitrobenzoic acid] (DTNB), eserine, ferric chloride, Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, gallic acid, potassium ferricyanide, β-tocopherol, and trichloroacetic acid were all purchased from Sigma, UK. All other chemical and reagents used in this study were of analytical grade and were obtained from Sigma, UK unless stated otherwise.
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