HbA1c in erythrocytes was measured by high-performance liquid ion exchange chromatography (D-10 analyzer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). The glucose oxidase method was used for measuring capillary glucose. The average daily hyperglycemia was determined.
The serum lipid content (TG, TC, and HDL) was determined using commercial kits (BioSystems, Spain) and a biochemical analyzer (Synchron SH9 Pro, Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). The levels of LDL were calculated using the Friedewald formula [34 (link)]: LDL = TC − (HDL + VLDL)). The level of VLDL equaled TG/2.2.
Methods used for kidney damage determination in the early studies included a GFR calculation, urinary albumin and ratio of albumin/creatinine. These were determined on a biochemical analyzer (Synchron SH9 Pro, Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA) using the immunoturbidimetric method. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula was used for calculating GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2).
The serum lipid content (TG, TC, and HDL) was determined using commercial kits (BioSystems, Spain) and a biochemical analyzer (Synchron SH9 Pro, Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). The levels of LDL were calculated using the Friedewald formula [34 (link)]: LDL = TC − (HDL + VLDL)). The level of VLDL equaled TG/2.2.
Methods used for kidney damage determination in the early studies included a GFR calculation, urinary albumin and ratio of albumin/creatinine. These were determined on a biochemical analyzer (Synchron SH9 Pro, Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA) using the immunoturbidimetric method. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula was used for calculating GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2).