GNP accumulation in cells was quantified using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy ((ICP-AES) Optima 7300 DV, Perkin Elmer Inc., Waltham, USA). Following sixteen hours of incubation with GNPs, the cells were washed three times with Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) and the cells were suspended from the monolayer cultures with 0.25% trypsin-EDTA (Gibco Invitrogen, Carlsbad, California) for quantification of GNPs present per cell. Cells were counted with either a hemocytometer (Hausser Scientific, Horsham, PA, USA) or a Vi-CELL XR automated cell counter (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA) and then treated with aqua regia (mixture of 25% hydrochloric acid (HCl) (Sigma-Aldrich) and 75% nitric acid (HNO3) (Caledon Laboratories Ltd., Georgetown, Canada) in a ratio of 3:1 v/v) in a silica oil bath. The samples were diluted and concentrations of gold (Au) atoms were measured in (mg/L) with the Optima 7300 DV ICP AES (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA). The number of GNPs of each sample was calculated.
Aqua regia
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United Kingdom
Aqua regia is a highly corrosive mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. It is commonly used in chemical laboratories for the dissolution of certain metals and materials.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Hemocytometer, by Hausser Scientific (1 mentions)
Vi cell xr automated cell counter, by Beckman Coulter (1 mentions)
Trypsin edta, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Optima 7300 dv, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Optima 7300 dv icp aes, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
K2hpo4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Concentrated hcl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
H3po4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Chloroform, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
1 2 distearoyl sn glycero 3 phosphoethanolamine n methoxy polyethylene glycol 2000, by Lipoid (1 mentions)
8 anilino 1 naphthalenesulfonic acid ans, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tetrahydrofuran, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Diethyl ether, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 protocols using aqua regia
1
Quantifying Cellular GNP Uptake via ICP-AES
2
Preparation of Elemental Standards
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Distilled water and stock standard solutions containing 1000 mg/L of Ca, Mg, Co, Cd, Pb, and Cr were used for preparing working standards (0.05, 0.10, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/L). Standard buffer solutions of H3PO4 (85%, India) and K2HPO4 (98–101%, England), Aqua regia, concentrated HCl (36%, Sigma Aldrich Darmstadt, Germany), and concentrated HNO3 (67%, Abron Exports 133,001, India).
3
Lipid Nanoparticle Characterization Protocol
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Hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG 2000 ) were kind gifts from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Chloroform and methanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). 1,6-diphenyl-l,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) was supplied from Invitrogen (Paisley, UK). Phosphate buffer saline (PBS), Sepharose CL-4B, 2 w/v% octanethiol-functionalized Au nanoparticles in toluene, diethyl ether, 8-anilino-1naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS), Aqua regia (HNO 3 :HCl 1:3 v/v) and tetrahydrofuran were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). MilliQ® water (Millipore Milli-Q, Watford, UK) was used throughout the study. D 2 O (> 99.9% purity) was purchased from Aldrich (Dorset, UK).
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