Quercetin 3 glucoside

The 36 analytical standards were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy), except for delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside chloride, petunidin-3-glucoside chloride, cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride, delphinidin-3-galactoside chloride, malvidin-3-galactoside chloride, kaempferol-3-glucoside, and quercetin-3-glucoside, which were supplied by PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Single stock solutions of each component were made by dissolving pure analytes in methanol and storing them at 4 °C until analysis, except for anthocyanins, which were maintained at −18 °C until analysis. Working solutions of the standards at different concentrations were made every day by dilution of the stock solutions with methanol. All solvents used for chromatographic purposes were HPLC grade. The 99% Formic acid was supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). HPLC-grade methanol was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milano, Italy). Deionized water (>18 MΩ cm resistivity) was further purified using a Milli-Q SP Reagent Water System (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). All solutions and solvents were filtered by a 0.2-μm polyamide filter purchased from Sartorius Stedim (Goettingen, Germany). All samples were filtered before HPLC analysis, by using Phenomenex 0.2-μm syringeless filters.

Folin‐Ciocalteu phenol reagent, 2,4,6‐tri(2‐pyridyl)1,3,5‐triazine (TPTZ), potassium chloride, sodium acetate, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), quercetin, gallic acid, L‐glutamine, MTT, AlCl₃, and hydrogen peroxide were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). 2,2′‐Azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 6‐hydroxy‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethylchroman‐2‐carboxylic acid (Trolox), potassium persulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, acetic acid, FeCl₃.6H₂O, HPLC‐grade methanol, and formic acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). quercetin‐3‐glucoside (99.14%), kaempferol‐3‐glucoside (99.37%), quercetin‐3‐glucuronide (95.91%), cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (99.21%), cyanidin‐3‐rutinoside (98.02%), delphinidin‐3‐glucoside (98.02%), trans‐caffeic acid (99.81%), and 3‐caffeoylquinic acid (98.95%) were from PhytoLab GmbH (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Ultrapure water was obtained using a Barnsted EasyPure water filter (Thermo Scientific, Marietta, OH). Culture medium Ham F‐12, penicillin, streptomycin, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Invitrogen Corp. Chemicals (Grand Island, NY).

From Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA): Amberlite XAD7^®, α-amylase from porcine pancreas (A3176; EC 3.2.1.1), α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (G5003; EC 3.2.1.20), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical), 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, catechin, CuCl₂, lipase from porcine pancreas type II (L-3126; EC 3.1.1.3), 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, p-nitrophenyl palmitate, quercetin, sodium acetate, starch, TPTZ (2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)1,3,5-triazine), and triton X-100. From Merck (Darmstadt, Germany): ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), FeCl₃ × 6H₂O, neocuproin, potassium sodium tartrate, and HPLC-grade methanol. Ammonium acetate was from JT Baker (Xalostoc, Mexico). The following standards were from PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany): malvidin-3-glucoside chloride (89728, 99.3% purity), quercetin-3-glucoside (89230, 99.1% purity), and chlorogenic acid (89175, 98.9% purity). Orlistat was from Laboratorio Chile (Santiago, Chile).