were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission
electron microscopy (TEM), ζ-potential measurement, and nitrogen
gas adsorption. A Litesizer 500 (Anton Paar) equipped with a 658 nm
laser was used to determine the time-correlation function of the dispersion
at a backscattering angle of 175°. For ζ-potential measurements,
Univette cuvette (Anton Paar) was used and the electrophoretic mobility
of the NPs was determined by applying a 10 V direct current across
the dispersion. The TEM imaging of the NPs was performed on a JEOL
JEM-2011. The specific surface area of the particles was determined
using nitrogen gas adsorption performed on a Micromeritics ASAP 2020.