Materials 1,3,5-Triethynylbenzene (97%), 2,5-dibromothiophene (96%), copper(I) iodide (99%), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) (99%), potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ) (99%), ammonium oxalate (99%), catalase, sodium nitrate (99%), L-ascorbic acid (99%), triethylamine (99%), 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (97%), 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (98%), 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (97%), a-terpinene (90%), mesitylene (98%) and all other solvents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Sodium n-dodecylsulfate (99%) was obtained from Alfa Aesar. 4,7-Dibromobenzo[c]-1,2,5-thiadiazole (97%) was purchased from Combi Blocks. Escherichia coli K-12 and Bacillus subtilis were purchased from DSMZ Leibniz-Institute (Braunschweig, Germany). All chemicals and solvents were used as received unless otherwise specified.
Potassium carbonate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Poland, Italy, France, India, Spain
Potassium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula K2CO3. It is a white, crystalline salt that is soluble in water. Potassium carbonate is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent or a source of potassium ions.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (25 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (20 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (15 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Merck Group (14 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Tetrahydrofuran, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Potassium hydroxide, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Acetone, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Acryloyl chloride, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Sodium borohydride, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Toluene, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Sodium bicarbonate, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Tannic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
169 protocols using potassium carbonate
1
Synthesis of Triethynylbenzene Derivatives
2
Synthesis of Benzdioxane Derivatives
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1,4-Benzdioxane (98%, Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany), (+)-Mg-(L)-ascorbate (98%, Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany), lithium 3,5-diiodosalicylate (499%, LIS, Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany), potassium carbonate (99%, Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany), catechol (99%, Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany), dichloromethane (DCM) (499%, Acros, Schwerte, Germany), petrol ether (technical grade), ethyl acetate (technical grade), 1,3dibromopropane (499%, Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany), 1,4-dibromobutane (499%, Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany), 2-propanol (499%, Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany) n-hexane (95%, VWR Chemicals, Darmstadt, Germany), chloroform-d 1 (499%, EurisoTop, Saarbru ¨cken, Germany) were used as received without further purification unless noted otherwise. Deionized water was purified with a Milli-Q s integral water purification system.
3
Synthesis and Characterization of Organic Compounds
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Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene is a white crystalline substance with a melting point (m.p.) of 113 °C [25 (link)]. Bisphenol A (PJSC Kazanorgsintez, Kazan, Russia) was purified via repeated recrystallization from chlorobenzene to yield a product with a m.p. of 156.5 °C. Aniline (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA), a colorless liquid, was distilled twice under vacuum before use; its boiling point (b.p.) is 184 °C. Paraformaldehyde (Ercros, Barcelona, Spain), a white crystalline solid in the form of prills with a paraformaldehyde content of 91%, was used as received; it has a m.p. 120 °C (decomposes) and a molecular weight of 300–3000. Potassium carbonate (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA), a white crystalline substance in the form of powder, soluble in water, was dried in a vacuum at 100 °C before use. Solvents were purified according to known methods, and their physical characteristics corresponded to literature data [26 ].
4
Synthesis of Functionalized Nanoparticles
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All chemicals including silver nitrate (AgNO3, 99.9%, metal basis), hexachloroplatinic(iv ) acid (H2PtCl6·6H2O, 99.9% metal basis), triphenylphosphine (PPh3, 99%), 1-adamantanethiol (Adm-SH, C10H15SH, 99%), cyclohexanethiol (C6H11-c-SH, 99%), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, 99.9%), styrene (C6H5–C2H3, 99.5%), potassium carbonate (K2CO3, 99.5%), methylene chloride (CH2Cl2, HPLC grade), methanol (CH3OH, HPLC), acetic ether (CH3COOC2H5, HPLC), ether ((C2H5)2O, HPLC), and toluene (C6H5–CH3, HPLC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. All glassware were thoroughly cleaned with aqua regia (HCl : HNO3 = 3 : 1 v/v), rinsed with copious pure water, and then dried in an oven prior to use.
5
Chemical Reagents for Analytical Techniques
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All chemicals used in this work, such as silver nitrate, nitric acid, potassium ferrocyanide, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), potassium carbonate, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
6
Synthesis and Analysis of Nerve Agent and Pesticide Hydrolysis Products
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Six nerve agent-related hydrolysis products, EMPA, IMPA, IBMPA, CMPA, and PMPA, were synthesized in-house. All other chemicals were purchased from commercial suppliers. The three pesticide-related hydrolysis products, DEP, DBP, and DETP, the derivatizing agent CAX-B, and potassium carbonate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Formic acid (MS grade), acetonitrile (MS grade), and water (MS grade) were obtained from Biolab (Jerusalem, Israel).
Pooled human head hair was collected from a barber shop, plant leaves were collected from lemon and orange trees, and a concrete block was collected from a construction site.
Pooled human head hair was collected from a barber shop, plant leaves were collected from lemon and orange trees, and a concrete block was collected from a construction site.
7
Synthesis of LTG Derivatives
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LTG
(>98%) and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-d -glucopyranosyl bromide (98.5%) were purchased
from TCI (Zwijndrecht, Belgium). LTG-N2-oxide (>95%),
LTG-13C3, and 5-desamino 5-oxo-2,5-dihydro LTG (OXO-LTG;
98%),
2-methyllamotrigine methanesulfonate (LTG-N2-methyl) were
purchased from TRC. All solvents (acetone, acetonitrile, methanol,
and water) were LC-MS grade (Biolab Co., Jerusalem, Israel). NaOH
was purchased from Honeywall Fluka (Tokyo, Japan). The following reagents
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO): methyl chloroformate
(99%), potassium carbonate, allyl bromide (99%), propionyl chloride
(98%), 2-(2-bromoethyl)-1,3-dioxolane (96%), iodomethane (99%), formamide
(99%), and sodium methoxide (99%).
(>98%) and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-
from TCI (Zwijndrecht, Belgium). LTG-N2-oxide (>95%),
LTG-13C3, and 5-desamino 5-oxo-2,5-dihydro LTG (OXO-LTG;
98%),
2-methyllamotrigine methanesulfonate (LTG-N2-methyl) were
purchased from TRC. All solvents (acetone, acetonitrile, methanol,
and water) were LC-MS grade (Biolab Co., Jerusalem, Israel). NaOH
was purchased from Honeywall Fluka (Tokyo, Japan). The following reagents
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO): methyl chloroformate
(99%), potassium carbonate, allyl bromide (99%), propionyl chloride
(98%), 2-(2-bromoethyl)-1,3-dioxolane (96%), iodomethane (99%), formamide
(99%), and sodium methoxide (99%).
8
Quantitative Analysis of Deterenol Acetate
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Iodomethane (purum), potassium carbonate (p.a.), IPNS (Deterenol acetate), 3‐chloroperbenzoic acid (<77%), acetone, lithium aluminium hydride (powder, 95%), potassium carbonate (>99%), sulfur trioxide pyridine complex (97%), and octopamine hydrochloride (analytical standard) were obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich (Deisendorf, Germany), acetonitrile, formic acid, and ammonium acetate (all analytical grade) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), and solid‐phase extraction cartridges (OASIS HLB, 3 mL, 60 mg sorbent) were obtained from Waters (Eschborn, Germany). The internal standard IPNS‐d7 (deterenol‐d7) was provided by LGC Standards GmbH (Wesel, Germany).
9
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles
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Potassium carbonate and hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Citrate-stabilized silver colloids (0.02 mg/mL) of 40, 60, and 80 nm diameters were purchased from nanoComposix. Polyethylene glycol was purchased from Laysan Bio, Inc. Water was deionized and filtered by a Milli-Q water system (Millipore).
10
Electrochemical Characterization of Organic Compounds
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Phenolphthalein (C20H14O4, 98%), methanol (CH3OH, 99.8%), ethanol (C2H5OH, 99.5%), acetone
(CH3COCH3, 99.5%), 4-nitrophthalonitrile (C8H3N3O2, 99.0%), potassium
carbonate (K2CO3, 99.0%), cobalt(II) chloride
hexahydrate (CoCl2•6H2O, 98%), amyl alcohol
(C5H12O, 99%), DBU (C9H16N2, 98%), n-hexane (C6H14, 95%), ethyl acetate (C4H8O2, 99.8%), dimethyl formamide (DMF: C3H7NO,
99.8%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO: C2H6OS, 99.9%),
tetrabutylammonium perchlorate [TBAP: (C4H9)4N(ClO4), 99.0%], hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%),
sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 97%), isopropyl alcohol
(IPA, 99.0%), and potassium ferricyanide (K4[Fe(CN)6], 97%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Pt/C (20%) was
purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, and MWCNTs were purchased
from AkzoNobel. Other chemical reagents used to prepare solutions
were obtained from Merck. Double-distilled water was used throughout
the experiments.
(CH3COCH3, 99.5%), 4-nitrophthalonitrile (C8H3N3O2, 99.0%), potassium
carbonate (K2CO3, 99.0%), cobalt(II) chloride
hexahydrate (CoCl2•6H2O, 98%), amyl alcohol
(C5H12O, 99%), DBU (C9H16N2, 98%), n-hexane (C6H14, 95%), ethyl acetate (C4H8O2, 99.8%), dimethyl formamide (DMF: C3H7NO,
99.8%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO: C2H6OS, 99.9%),
tetrabutylammonium perchlorate [TBAP: (C4H9)4N(ClO4), 99.0%], hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%),
sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 97%), isopropyl alcohol
(IPA, 99.0%), and potassium ferricyanide (K4[Fe(CN)6], 97%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Pt/C (20%) was
purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, and MWCNTs were purchased
from AkzoNobel. Other chemical reagents used to prepare solutions
were obtained from Merck. Double-distilled water was used throughout
the experiments.
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