Acetonitrile

Avermectin B₂ technical material (TC, 95%, w/w), EC (5%, w/w), emulsion in water (EW, 2.5%, w/w) and water dispersible granule (WDG, 3.5%, w/w) were provided by Hebei Xingbai Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. (Hebei, China). Sodium benzoate, α-lactose, glucose and sucrose were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Styryl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (emulsifier 600) and alkylphenol formaldehyde resin polyoxyethylene ether (emulsifier 700) were provided by Cangzhou Hongyuan Agrochemical Co., Ltd. (Hebei, China). Ethyl acetate, chromatographic grade methanol and acetonitrile were bought from J&K Scientific Ltd. (Beijing, China). Parafilm was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Shanghai Trading Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All the chemicals were used as received. Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ.cm, TOC ≤ 4 ppb) was used in all analytical experiments.

6–Bromooxoindole–2–dione (98%), tetrahydrofuran (AR; THF), acetate (99.5%), 1–iodododecane (AR), and 6–bromoindoline–2,3–dione (98%) were purchased from Shanghai Vita Chemical. Hydrochloric acid (AR; HCl), 1–bromohexane (AR), acetonitrile (99%; ACN), tributyltin chloride (97%), 3–hexylthiophene (AR), and n–butyllithium solution (1.6 M in hexanes; n–BuLi) were obtained from J&K Scientific. Tetrakis (triphenyphosphine) palladium (99%; Pd(PPh₃)₄) and dichloromethane (99%; DCM) were acquired from Energy Chemical and Xilong Chemical, respectively. All other chemicals were of analytical grade and directly used as received.

The monosaccharide standards (D-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-mannose, D-ribose, D-glucose, D-xylose, D-galactose, D-glucuronic acid, and D-galactose acid), human lung cancer cell line A549, DEAE-52 cellulose, deuterium oxide (D₂O), 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP, M70800-100G) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dialysis bag (8–14 kDa), total antioxidant activity kit (T-AOC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis 3-Ethylbenzothia-zoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), total antioxidant capacity kit (T-AOC), and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) were provided by Solable Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). A series of dextran standards (5 k, 50 k, 150 k, 650 k, and 1100 k) were obtained from Aladdin Reagent Int. (Shanghai, China). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grades of methanol, acetonitrile, and formic acid were purchased from J&K Scientific Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The other chemicals of analytical grade were purchased from Beilian Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China).

Glucose, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, methanol, and ammonia (all of analytical grade) were purchased from Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd. (Guangdong, China). L-lysine (analytical grade) was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile (all of chromatographic grade) were purchased from J&K Scientific Ltd. (Beijing, China). Pyrraline (standard) was purchased from Beijing Pinellia Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). The analytical-grade standards of α-dicarbonyl compounds of 3-DG, GO, and MGO were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands).

Rice husk was obtained from Cofco Engineering Technology Company (Wuxi, China) and stored at room temperature before treatment. Cooking oil was purchased at supermarkets. Ultrapure water (resistivity ≥18 MΩ/cm) was generated using a Millipore-Q SP system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) and prefiltered through 0.22-μm filters. The AFB1 reference standard (2,3,6a,9a-tetrahydro-4-methoxycyclopenta[c]furo[2,3:4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene-1,11-dione; C₁₇H₁₂O₆; ≥98% purity) was purchased from Alexis Corporation (Lausen, Switzerland). HPLC-grade methanol, toluene, and acetonitrile were purchased from J&K Scientific (Zhejiang, China). All other analytical grade chemicals and reagents were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Company (Beijing, China).