N hydroxysuccinimide

Citric acid
(C₆H₈O₇, AR grade), formamide (CH₃NO, AR grade), acridine orange (C₁₇H₁₉N₃, biotechnology grade), tetraethyl orthosilicate (C₈H₂₀O₄Si, GC grade), ammonium hydroxide
solution (NH₃·H₂O, AR grade), triethylamine
(C₆H₁₅N, AR grade), glutaric anhydride (C₅H₆O₃, 98%), sodium chloride (NaCl, AR
grade), (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (C₉H₂₃NO₃Si, 99%), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (C₈H₁₇N₃·HCl, 98.5%), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (C₄H₅NO₃, 99%)
were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Ethanol
anhydrous (C₂H₆O, AR grade), methanol (CH₄O, AR grade), acetone (C₃H₆O, AR grade),
and toluene (C₇H₈, AR grade) were purchased
from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. The other reagents used
were of AR grade without further purification, and ultrapure water
was used in all experiments. The miR-92a-3p, DNA probe, amino-modified
DNA (NH₂-DNA) probe, and unmatched targets were purchased
from Shanghai Genepharma Co., Ltd. Their sequences are listed in Table S1 of the Supporting Information. The human
serum was isolated from the healthy sample from the Second Hospital
of Shandong University. The apparatus used are given in the Supporting Information.

Lactate oxidase (LOX), N-(3-dimethylamino propyl-N′-ethylcarbodiimide) hydrochloride (EDC·HCl) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). CB839 was brought from APExBIO (Houston, TX, USA). Moreover, FITC-anti-CD86, PE-anti-CD206, APC-anti-CD40, APC-Cy7-anti-CD45, BV510-anti-CD3, FITC-anti-CD4, PE-anti-CD8, BV421-anti-F4/80, FITC-anti-CD11b, PE-anti-CD86, APC-anti-CD206, BV605-anti-Ly-6G, PE-Cy7-anti-Ly-6C, antibodies were supplied by BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). Other reagents were standard Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Shanghai, China).

All reagents and solvents were commercially available and used without additional treatment. Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes (length, 0.5–2 μm; diameter, <8 nm) was purchased from XFNANO (Nanjing, China). D‐mannose, N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N‐ethylcarbodiimide (EDC), 2‐(N‐morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were purchased from Aladdin. N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) was purchased from Macklin. Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) (1×), RPMI‐1640 medium, heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin EDTA 0.05 %, penicillin/streptomycin (PEST) 10,000 Unit/mL/10,000 mg/mL were purchased from Gibco. Recombinant mouse granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL‐4) were purchased from R&D. Fluorochrome‐labeled anti‐mouse monoclonal antibodies (CD11c, CD80 and CD86) were purchased from eBioscience. Anti‐mouse ELISA kits interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) were purchased from R&D. All other chemicals used in this study were of analytical reagent grade and were used as received.

Triethylamine (TEA) and chloroform (CHCl₃) were dried with calcium hydride before use. Chlorambucil (CLB, 98%), N‑hydroxy succinimide (NHS, 98%), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)−3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, 98%), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)−2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT, 98%), silica gel for column chromatography (spherical, 200–300 mesh), 3-(2-benzothiazolyl)−7-(diethylamino)coumarin (coumarin 6.98%) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, 13,000–23,000 Da) were obtained from Macklin (Shanghai, China). (2,2′-((2,2-bis(((4-(aminomethyl)−1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl)bis(oxy))bis (1,3-diox-olane-4,2-diyl))dimethanamine (OE) was prepared as described before [20] (link). Human and murine hepatic cancer cell lines (HepG2 and H22), human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7), human chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines (K562), and human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549) were obtained from Procell Life Science&Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). Male ICR mice (20–24 g) were acquired from Anhui Medical University (Hefei, China), and the care and use of animals followed the guidance of Anhui University Laboratory Animal Ethics and Management Committee (IACUC(AHU)−2023–012).

Triethylamine (TEA) and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were dried over calcium hydride before use. Cisplatin (99%), N‑hydroxy succinimide (NHS, 98%), 2-amino-1,3-propanediol (98%), ethyl trifluoroacetate (99%), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)−3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, 98%), succinic anhydride (SA, 99%), demethylcantharidin (DMC, 99.5%), and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBSA, 98%) were purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Human and murine hepatic cancer cell lines (HepG2 (passage number: 67) and H22 (passage number: 49)) were acquired from iCell Bioscience Inc (Shanghai, China). Male ICR and Balb/c nude mice (18–22 g) were obtained from Cyagen Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Jiangsu, China), and the care and use of animals followed the guidance of Anhui University Laboratory Animal Ethics and Management Committee (IACUC(AHU)−2022–013).