Male athymic BALB/c nude mice (5–6 weeks old) purchased from the Animal Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China) were subcutaneously injected in one flank with 300 μl of LNCaP cells (1 × 106) mixed 1:1 (v:v) with Matrigel (Invitrogen). Tumors were measured with calipers twice per week. Tumor volumes were calculated using the formula length × width 2 × 0.52. Mice were randomized into three groups once the tumor volume reached 0.6 mm3: the sham-operated (n=5), castration (n=5), and castration+Vit K3(Sigma-Aldrich) injection groups (n=5). For the latter, a dose of 10 mg/kg Vit K3 (dissolved in DMSO at a final concentration of 0.1%) was administered via twice weekly intra-peritoneal injections. Tumor growth was monitored twice per week for 7 weeks, at which point the mice were sacrificed and tumors were harvested for Western blot analyses. All animal studies were conducted in accordance with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School’s Animal Committee guidelines.
Vitk3
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
VitK3 is a laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a form of vitamin K3, also known as menadione, which is commonly used in various scientific and research applications. The core function of VitK3 is to serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions and as an intermediate in the synthesis of other vitamin K derivatives.
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Lab products found in correlation
Matrigel, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Balb c nude mice, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
3 4 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Crystal violet, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dithiothreitol (dtt), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hygromycin b, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
N acetyl l cysteine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Anti gfp, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
N ethylmaleimide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 fluorouracil, by Enzo Life Sciences (1 mentions)
Actinomycin d, by Enzo Life Sciences (1 mentions)
Taxol, by Enzo Life Sciences (1 mentions)
6 carboxy 2 7 dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate carboxy h2dcfda, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Anti α tubulin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Anti β actin, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
Vinblastine, by Enzo Life Sciences (1 mentions)
Doxorubicin, by Enzo Life Sciences (1 mentions)
Anti trx1, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
3 protocols using vitk3
1
Investigating Vitamin K3 in Prostate Cancer Xenografts
2
Redox Regulation Characterization via Chemical Tools
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VitK3, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dithiothreitol (DTT), H2O2 and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Vinblastine, taxol, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, actinomycin D and 5-fluorouracil were from Enzo Life Sciences (Villeurbanne, France). Hygromycin B, 6-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (carboxy-H2DCFDA), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), crystal violet, Vybrant Apoptosis Assay Kit #3, propidium iodide (PI), tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), 4-acetamido-4’-maleimidylstilbene-2,2’-disulfonic acid (AMS) were from Life Technologies (Eugene, OR, USA). The following antibodies were used: anti-PRX1 (AbFrontier, Seoul, Korea); anti-PRX3 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA); anti-TRX2 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA); anti-NQO2 (Proteintech, Chicago, IL, USA); anti-GFP (Life Technologies); anti-β-actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology); anti-α-tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich) and anti-TRX1 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA). ON-TARGETplus SMARTpool small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting PRX1 (siPrx1), and non-targeting pool control siRNA (siCon) were from Dharmacon (Lafayette, CO, USA). Mammalian expression vectors encoding HyPer targeted to cytosol, nucleus and mitochondria were purchased from Evrogen (Moscow, Russia).
3
Investigating A431 Cell Proliferation under VitK3 and UVB
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To assess the effects of VitK3 (Sigma) on the proliferation rate of A431 cells, the cells were seeded into 96-well plates (Constar, USA) at a density of 1 × 104 cells/well and treated with various concentrations of VitK3 (30, 45, 60, and 100 μmol/L). The same method was used to determine the effect of UVB irradiation on cell proliferation. The A431 cells were irradiated with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 J/cm2 in the presence of different doses of UVB. After culture for 24 hrs, 10 μL of the CCK-8 solution (Vicmed, Xuzhou, China) was added to each well, followed by incubation for 2 hrs at 37°C. The inhibition rate of cell growth was calculated and used to plot the inhibition rate-drug concentration action time curve. Afterwards, the cells were divided into negative control group (no treatment), VitK3 group, UVB group, and VitK3-UVB group. Median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of VitK3 and the half inhibitory doses of UVB were selected for the drug concentration and light dose of the next experiment. Subsequent to VitK3 drug treatment, cells in all groups were subjected to a light avoidance preservation for 4 hrs, after which the UVB group and VitK3-UVB group were exposed to UVB irradiation. The optical density (OD value) of the cells media was measured at 450 nm using Mµltiskan Spectruman (Thermo Scientific, Finland) at 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 48 hrs, and 72 hrs.
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