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Alexa fluor 488 conjugated donkey anti mouse igg antibody

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States

The Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG antibody is a secondary antibody used in immunodetection techniques. It is designed to bind to mouse primary antibodies and is labeled with the Alexa Fluor 488 fluorescent dye, allowing for visualization and detection of target proteins.

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13 protocols using alexa fluor 488 conjugated donkey anti mouse igg antibody

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Cutaneous CGRP

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One hour after restraint, skin samples were taken from the wrist, which most frequently showed Evans blue dye leakage in the hypertensive rats. The skin samples were paraffin-embedded, sectioned (5 μm), and incubated with primary antibodies (1:500, mouse anti-CGRP; Chemicon, USA; Cat# MAB317, RRID:AB_2275141), followed by incubation with secondary antibody (1:500, Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG antibody, Thermo Scientific; Cat# A11055, RRID:AB_142672). The sections were mounted on gelatine-coated slides, air-dried, and coverslipped with a mounting medium containing DAPI (Vector, Cat# H-1500). The sections were examined using a laser-scanning confocal microscope (LSM700, Carl Zeiss, Germany).
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2

Neurogenic Spot Visualization in Skin Samples

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Three days after BDL surgery, rats (n = 6) were given EBD injection and neurogenic spots (n = 6) and non-neurogenic spots 5 mm apart from the neurogenic spots (Non-Neuro-Sp, n = 6) were taken. The skin samples were paraffin-embedded, sectioned at 5 μm thickness and incubated with either anti-SP mouse monoclonal antibodies (1:500; GeneTex International Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA) or anti-CGRP mouse antibodies (1:500; Chemicon International Inc., CA, USA), followed by incubation with secondary antibody (1:500, Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey antimouse IgG antibody, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The sections were mounted on gelatin-coated slides and cover-slipped. Skin images were taken from three sections from each skin with an epifluorescence microscope (Olympus BX51, Tokyo, Japan) and quantified by using ImageJ software (National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The mean intensity of green fluorescence was measured.
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3

Skeletal Muscle Immunostaining Protocol

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Staining procedures were performed as previously described.2 (link) In short, skeletal muscles were labeled by submersion in the following solutions, all diluted in 1x PBS unless otherwise specified: 0.1 M glycine for 10 min to reduce tissue autofluorescence; 1x PBS wash for 10 min; 2-h permeabilization in 5% Triton X-100; 30-min blocking in 4% bovine serum albumin and 2% Triton X-100. Primary antibody (in block solution) incubation was then completed over 60 h at 4°C with mouse anti-SV2 (synaptic vesicles; 1:50 dilution; DSHB, Iowa City, Iowa) and mouse anti-2H3 IgG (neurofilaments; 1:50 dilution; DSHB).
Tissues were washed in 1x PBS for 4 × 20 min and then incubated in the secondary antibody, 2 μg/mL AlexaFluor-488-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG antibody (Cat: A21202, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts) in 1x PBS diluted 1:500, and left overnight at room temperature. Samples were kept in the dark from this stage to prevent photobleaching. A further 4 x 20-min washes in 1x PBS were followed by 15–30 min (muscle dependent) in 2 μg/mL tetramethyl-rhodamine isothiocyanate-conjugated α-bungarotoxin (acetylcholine receptors; Cat: BTIU00012, VWR International, Radnor, Pennsylvania). Muscle fibers were mounted in Mowoil on glass slides for imaging.
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4

Immunofluorescent Detection of DNA:RNA Hybrids

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Cells were seeded on glass coverslips, transfected or treated with reagents accordingly and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 10 min. Then, cells were permeabilized with 0.5% Triton-X 100 in PBS for 15 min, blocked with 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS containing 0.1% Tween-20 for 1 h and incubated overnight at 4 °C with S9.6 antibody (Kerafast, RRID:AB_2687463, 1:100, to detect DNA:RNA hybrids). Coverslips were washed in PBS prior to incubation with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG antibody (ThermoFisher, RRID:AB_141607, 1:250) for 2 h and subsequently counterstained with 0.5 µg/ml DAPI (Sigma) for 5 min prior to mounting using the Fluorescent Mounting Medium from DakoCytomation (#S302380-2) and imaged.
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5

Immunofluorescence Staining of Enterovirus 71

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Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 10 min at room temperature. After washing with PBS for three times, the cells were incubated with 0.2% triton-X100 and 3.0% BSA diluted by PBS. Then cells were incubated using mouse anti-enterovirus71 antibody (MAB979, Merck) diluted by 1:1000 using 3.0% BSA at 4°C overnight. After washing for three times by PBS, cells were incubated using Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG antibody (CA21202S, Thermo Fisher Scientific) diluted by 1:500 using 3.0% BSA. After washing for three times, cells were incubated with DAPI for 5 min before observed with a fluorescence microscopy.
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6

Quantifying Neurogenic Inflammation in Skin

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One hour after restraint, skin samples were taken from the wrist, which most commonly showed EBD leakage in IMH rats (n = 6) and naïve rats (n = 6). The skin samples were paraffin-embedded, sectioned (5 μm), and incubated with either anti-CGRP mouse antibody (1:500; Chemicon, Temecula, CA, United States; RRID:AB_1658411) or anti-SP mouse monoclonal antibody (1:500; GeneTex, Irvine, CA, United States; RRID:AB_785913), followed by incubation with secondary antibody (1:500, Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG antibody, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, United States; RRID: AB_141607). The sections were mounted on gelatin-coated slides, air-dried, and coverslipped. Skin images were taken from three sections from each animal with a laser-scanning confocal microscope (LSM700, Carl Zeiss, Germany) and quantified by using ImageJ software (National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, MD, United States). The number of pixels with green fluorescence intensity greater than the cut-off value (100) was counted to quantify positive staining. Data were expressed as the number of positive pixels over a field area of 1280 × 1024 pixels.
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7

Visualization of DNA-RNA Hybrids in Cells

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Cells were seeded on glass coverslips, transfected or treated with reagents accordingly and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 10 min. Then, cells were permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 min, blocked with 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS containing 0.1% Tween-20 for 1 h and incubated overnight at 4°C with S9.6 antibody (Kerafast, RRID:AB_2687463, 1:100, to detect DNA:RNA hybrids). Coverslips were washed in PBS prior to incubation with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG antibody (Thermo Fisher, RRID:AB_141607, 1:250) for 2 h and subsequently counterstained with 0.5 µg/ml DAPI (Sigma) for 5 min prior to mounting using the Fluorescent Mounting Medium from DakoCytomation (#S302380-2) and imaged.
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8

Double Labeling of Kiss1 and c-Fos Neurons

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The procedure is almost identical as performed for double staining of Kiss1 and AR. Briefly, after hybridization (probe concentration; 0.3 μg/mL), sections were incubated with blocking buffer containing 5% normal donkey serum for 1.5 h at 37°C. After washing with 0.1 M PBS, sections were incubated with mouse antic-Fos antibody (1:50, sc-166940, mouse monoclonal, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) in 0.1 M PBS for 2 days at 4°C. After washing, sections were incubated with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG antibody (1:500, Thermo Fisher) and AP-conjugated anti-DIG1 antibody (1:2000) in 0.1 M PBS for 2 h at 37°C. DIG labeling was detected using a kit (Fast Red TR/Naphthol AS-MX Tablets, Sigma). Fluorescence images were obtained using confocal laser microscopy (LSM710). Z-stack images of each brain slice were acquired at 2.5-μm intervals. Kiss1 cells with or without c-Fos immunoreactivity were manually counted on a monitor. Cells were counted in every second section through the AVPV (n = 4-5 per group).
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9

Immunofluorescent Staining of Cryopreserved Tissue

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Immunofluorescent staining was performed on 8-μm thick sections of the cryopreserved tissue samples, as previously described.27 (link) Briefly, the tissue sections were fixed in 2% formaldehyde, and the staining was done sequentially. The following primary monoclonal antibodies were used; rabbit anti-human CD4 antibody (clone EPR6855; Abcam, Cambridge, England), mouse anti-human CCR5 antibody (clone MC-5, kindly provided by Professor M. Mack from the University Clinic of Regensburg, Germany), and rat anti-human Langerin antibody (clone 929F3.01; Dendritics, Lyon, France). Fluorescent-labeled secondary antibodies used were Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG antibody, Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG antibody, and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-rat IgG antibody (Molecular Probes, Life Technologies Europe BV, Stockholm, Sweden). Antigen retrieval (pure methanol +0.5% hydrogen peroxide) was needed before addition of the primary CD4 antibody. Tissue sections were counterstained with DAPI (Molecular Probes, Life Technologies) to stain the nuclei, washed and thereafter mounted with Fluorescent Mounting Medium (Dako, Carpinteria, CA). Negative controls were included and consisted of incubations in the presence of secondary antibodies alone.
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10

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Hypoxia Signaling

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Cell slides were washed with PBS before fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde three times. The cryosections and cell slides of control and Hif-1α knockout mice at the age of 2 weeks were pretreated with Triton X-100 for 15 min, incubated with anti-brachyury (ab209665, Abcam), anti-GLUT-1 (ab652, Abcam), anti-SHH (sc-365,112, Santa Cruz), anti-CD24 (ab64064, Abcam), and anti-CD24 antibodies (130–106-254, Miltenyi) at appropriate dilutions (according to the manufacturer’s instructions) at 4 °C overnight. Slides were then rinsed with PBST (PBS with 0.1% Tween-20) three times for 5 min and incubated with secondary antibodies: an Alexa Fluor® 488–conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (A11008, Molecular Probes), Alexa Fluor ® 594–conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (A11072, Molecular Probes), or Alexa Fluor® 488–conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG antibody (A21202, Molecular probe) at 1:1000 dilutions for 1 h at 37 °C in the dark. The staining was visualized by means of a microscope (Olympus, Japan) equipped with a digital camera (Olympus, Japan).
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