Standard tertiary butylhydroquinone tbhq

Fresh, mature purslane seeds were provided by Xinjiang Yuansen Agriculture Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. PSO containing 40.2570% alpha-linolenic acid and 29.4308% linoleic acid was obtained by an ultrasound-assisted enzyme hydrolysis combined with a Soxhlet extraction method. The optimal preparation conditions of PSO were as follows: [13 ] for the hydrolysis process, 2% complex enzyme was used (the ratio of neutral protease to cellulase was 1:1), the liquid-solid ratio was 5:1, pH was 5.0, and the hydrolysis time was 2 h; for the sonication process, 40 W ultrasonic power was used, an ultrasonic bath temperature was set to 55°C, and the sonication time was 15 min. Petroleum ether was used as a solvent for the Soxhlet extraction. Fresh, untreated horse fat was purchased from a local market in Yili, Xinjiang, China. Liquid horse oil was obtained from the horse fat using a steam melting method followed by a refining process consistent with our previous studies [20 ]. Horse fat provides the raw material of which 31.08% of the lipids are unsaturated fatty acids, notably, palmitoleic acid (3.71%) and oleic acid (27.37%). The standard tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) that was used in vitro studies was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).