Cyclopiazonic acid cpa

Depending on the purpose of the electrophysiological experiments, the chemicals applied via the recording solution included nifedipine (10 μM), ω-conotoxin (1 μM), ω-agatoxin (50 nM), apamin (100 nM), paxilline (10 μM), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA; 30 μM; all purchased from Alomone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel), BAPTA-AM (1 0 μM; Sigma), or U73122 (4 μM; Sigma). The pipette solution also included heparin (low molecular weight; 4 mg/ml; MP Biomedicals), ruthenium red, D-IP₃, L-IP₃ (100 μM; Alomone Labs), glutathione S-transferase (GST)-CaBP1 (16 nM; Abnova Corp.), calmodulin (3 μM; BioVision Inc.), CaBP1 antibody (10 μg/ml; Novus Biologicals), and calmodulin antibody (10 μg/ml; Novus Biologicals).

Ryanodine was obtained from Calbiochem (Millipore, Heartfordshire, UK) and Alomone Labs (Israel); cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) from Alomone Labs (Israel); caffeine from Calbiochem (Millipore, Heartfordshire, UK); KMeSO₄ from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK); tetrodotoxin (TTX) citrate-free from Latoxan (Rosans, France); d-tubocurarine hydrochloride (dTC), Na₂ATP, Na₃GTP and tetraethylammonium (TEA) from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK); (Rp)-Adenosine-3`,5`-monophosphorothioate (Rp-cAMPS) (BioLog Life Science Institute, Germany). All other salts and chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich or VWR International Ltd. Drugs were dissolved in water or DMSO, stored at +4°C or -20°C, and bath applied in the perfusing ACSF.