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Stir bars

Manufactured by Chrono-Log
Sourced in United States

Stir bars are cylindrical magnetic devices used in laboratory settings to facilitate the uniform mixing and agitation of liquids or solutions within a container, such as a beaker or flask. They are designed to be placed inside the container and rotated by a magnetic stirrer to create a vortex or circulation pattern, ensuring thorough and consistent mixing of the contents.

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11 protocols using stir bars

1

Platelet Activation Assay Protocol

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Thrombin, stir bars, and other disposables were from Chrono‐Log (Havertown, PA). The protease‐activated receptor 4 agonist (TRAP4 peptide) was from Peptides International (Louisville, KY). Apyrase was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). FITC‐conjugated CD62P and Annexin V antibodies were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). PE‐conjugated rat anti‐mouse Integrin αIIbβ3 (active form) JonA antibody was purchased from Emfret Analytics (Eibelstadt, Germany). RGS16 antibody was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (sc‐166083, Dallas, TX). Other reagents were of analytical grade.
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2

Quantifying Platelet Activation Markers

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Serotonin hydrochloride, ADP, U46619, clopidogrel bisulfate, and ketanserin (+)-tartrate salt were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Collagen, stir bars, and other disposables were from Chrono-Log (Havertown, PA, USA). FITC-conjugated Annexin V, anti-P-selectin, and PAC-1 antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA). The 5HT2A receptor targeting polyclonal antibody, designated 5HT2ARAb, was custom made (against the Q216-N233 region of EL2 of the human protein) and antigen-affinity purified by a commercial vendor (Abbiotec Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Of note, while the mouse and human 5HT2AR receptors are identical in 19 of the 25 amino acids of EL2, all ligand recognition sites reported thus far appear to be conserved between the two species.
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3

Platelet Activation and Signaling Assay

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Serotonin hydrochloride, pizotifen and ADP were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), cyproheptadine and EMD 281014 were obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK), clopidogrel was purchased from LKT Laboratories, Inc. (St. Paul, MN), stir bars and other disposables were from Chrono-Log (Havertown, PA), and U46619 was obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). Src antibody, FITC-conjugated Annexin V, anti–P-selectin, and PAC-1 antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA). The anti-phosphotyrosine antibody was from BD Biosciences, (Franklin Lakes, NJ). Fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester (fura-2/AM) and Pluronic® F-127 were from Invitrogen (Grand Island, NY). The C57BL/6 mice were obtained from Jackson laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME). Platelet count was determined using an automated hematology analyzer (Drew Scientific Dallas, TX).
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4

Platelet Activation and Signaling Pathways

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Thrombin was purchased from Chronolog Corporation (Havertown, PA), whereas ADP, nicotine and cotinine were from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated anti-P-selectin and FITC-conjugated Annexin V were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc (Danvers, MA). The JON/A antibody was obtained from Emfret analytics (Würzburg, Germany). The phycoerythrin-conjugated anti-CD69 and FITC-conjugated anti-CD45 were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). Stir bars and other disposables were purchased from Chrono-Log Corporation (Havertown, PA). Akt, phospho-Akt (Ser473), ERK and phospho-ERK antibodies were purchased from Cell signaling (Danvers, MA). The anti-PAR4 and anti-GPIIb-IIIa (αIIbβ3) antibodies were from Abcam (Cambridge, MA), whereas the anti-p85/PI3K antibody was from Proteintech (Rosemont, IL). The ELISA cotinine detection kit was purchased from Calbiotech (El Cajon, CA). The fibrinogen plasma detection/quantification ELISA kit was purchased form Innovative Research (Novi, MI).
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5

Platelet Activation and Signaling Pathways

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ADP, MG132 were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Thrombin, Collagen, stir bars and other disposables were from Chrono-Log (Havertown, PA), and U46619 was obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade) was generous gift from Dr. Steven Schwarze (University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY). FITC-conjugated Annexin V, anti—P-selectin, and PAC-1 antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA). Antibodies against TAK1, TAB2, CARMA1, MALT1, Bcl10, Ubiquitin, IKKα, IKKβ, IKKγ, VAMP-8, SNAP-23, Syn-11, and pSer/Thr/Tyr from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, CA), respectively. Other reagents were of analytical grade.
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6

Platelet Function Assay with E-Liquid

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ADP, thrombin, luciferase, and disposable materials such as stir bars and cuvettes were purchased from Chrono-Log Corporation (Havertown, PA, USA). APC anti-mouse CD41 and FITC conjugated P-selectin were purchased from BioLegend® (San Diego, CA, USA), JON/A Integrin αIIbβ3 from Emfret Analytics (Würzburg, Germany), FITC conjugated Annexin V from BD Biosciences (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Apyrase and ferric chloride (FeCl3) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). PGI2 was purchased from Caymen Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). E-liquid and the tanks were purchased from Vapor Chef (Bristol, PA, USA), and all materials used for exposure were purchased from Amazon. Filter papers were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA) and all other reagents were of analytical grade.
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7

JUUL Vaping Impact on Platelet Activation

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JUUL device and JUUL Pods (5% nicotine and menthol flavoring) were purchased from the JUUL official website. Absolute 0 e-liquid (18-mg Nicotine, 30% PG, and 70% VG with a menthol flavor) was obtained from The Vapor Chef. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The anti-P-selectin and Annexin V antibodies were fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–conjugated and purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. The JON/A antibody was purchased from Emfret analytics. The Mouse/Rat Cotinine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was from Calbiotech. The stir bars and other experimental disposable material was obtained from Chrono-Log Corporation. The rest of the reagents were of analytical grade.
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8

Platelet Activation Signaling Pathway

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Thrombin, collagen, stir bars, and other disposables were from Chrono‐Log Corporation, whereas U46619 was purchased from Abcam. Fluorescein isothiocyanate–conjugated anti–P‐selectin, anti‐Arhgef1, anti‐actin, anti‐RhoA, anti‐pROCK, and anti‐Rap1b antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc, whereas the anti‐β3 and anti‐G13 antibodies were from Sigma Aldrich. The JON/A antibody was from Emfret analytics. Fibrinogen was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The RhoA and Rap1b Activation Assay Biochem Kits were from Cytoskeleton Inc. Other reagents were of analytical grade.
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9

Platelet Activation and Cotinine Measurement

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Thrombin, chrono-lume mixture, stir bars, and other disposables were purchased from Chronolog Corporation (Havertown, PA), whereas adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO). Fluorescein isothiocyanate/FITC-conjugated anti-P-selectin, Akt (protein kinase B), and phospho-Akt (Ser473) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc (Danvers, MA). The phycoerythrin-conjugated GPIIb-IIIa (αIIbβ3) antibody was obtained from Emfret Analytics (Würzburg, Germany). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) cotinine detection kit was purchased from Calbiotech (El Cajon, CA). The e-liquid, e-head, and other e-waterpipe accessories were purchased from Smoking hookah (Houston, TX).
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10

Platelet Aggregation Assay Utilizing Key Reagents

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Collagen, ADP, thrombin, stir bars, and other disposables were from ChronoLog (Havertown, PA). U46619 and PGI2 was obtained from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI). Apyrase was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). PAR4 agonist peptide (TRAP4) was from Peptides International (Louisville, KY). The CD62P antibody was obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). PE-conjugated rat anti-mouse Integrin αIIbβ3 (active form) JonA antibody was purchased from Emfret Analytics (Eibelstadt, Germany). RGS16 and RGS18 antibodies used for protein detection from western blot were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). RGS10 antibodies used for protein detection were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA) and Abcam (Cambridge, MA). Other reagents were of analytical grade.
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