Citric acid anhydrous

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in Germany, Morocco

Citric acid anhydrous is a white, crystalline powder that is used as a food additive and in various industrial applications. It is the anhydrous form of citric acid, which means it does not contain any water molecules in its chemical structure. Citric acid anhydrous is commonly used as a pH regulator, a flavoring agent, and a preservative in a wide range of products.

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Citric acid (123 citations) Crystalline anhydrous citric acid (C6H8O7) (2 citations)

11 protocols using citric acid anhydrous

Synthesis of Perovskite Catalysts

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Strontium nitrate (99 %, Acros Organics), titanium‐(IV) isopropoxide (97 %, Alfa Aesar), lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate (99.9 %, Alfa Aesar), nickel nitrate hexahydrate (97 %, Sigma‐Aldrich) and anhydrous citric acid (99.6 %, Acros Organics), and glycerol (99 %, Alfa Aesar) were used as received without further purification. The commercial 1 % Ni/Al₂O₃ was purchased by Riogen Inc., NJ, USA.

Rudolph B., Tsiotsias A.I., Ehrhardt B., Dolcet P., Gross S., Haas S., Charisou N.D., Goula M.A, & Mascotto S. (2023). Nanoparticle Exsolution from Nanoporous Perovskites for Highly Active and Stable Catalysts. Advanced Science, 10(6), 2205890.

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Argon-Purged Double Deionized Water Protocol

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Argon (Ar) purged double deionized water (DDIW) (18.2 MΩ·cm, Barnstead Nanopure Diamond) was used throughout the experiments. Acetonitrile (ACN) and methanol were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA. Ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and nitric acid (HNO₃) used for pH adjustments were also purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Isopropyl alcohol was obtained from Fluka. Glycine, L-glutathione reduced, and trifluoro acetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. TFA and anhydrous citric acid were bought from Acros Organics. Formic acid and acetic acid used to prepare formate and acetate buffers were purchased from Acros Organics and Thermo Fisher Scientific, respectively. Sulfur dioxide gas used for the synthesis of MMA^IIII₂ and DMA^IIII was acquired from Specialty Gasses of America. Sodium metaarsenite (98%), sodium arsenate (99%), and cacodylic acid (98%) were from Aldrich. Monosodium acid methane arsonate sesquihydrate was obtained from Chem Service, PA, USA. Solid DMA^III(GS), obtained from Ziopharm Oncology, USA, was prepared in solution in our lab along with other arsenic standards used. All reagents used were of analytical grade or better.

Stice S., Liu G., Matulis S., Boise L.H, & Cai Y. (2015). Determination of multiple human arsenic metabolites employing high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 0, 55-65.

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Synthesis of 1,4-Butanediol Derivative

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1,4-butanediol (Thermo Scientific, 99%, Bremen, Germany), anhydrous citric acid (Acros Organics, ≥99.5%, Swindon, UK) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA; Sigma Aldrich, ≥98.5%, Lisbon, Poland) monohydrate were used without prior preparation.

Bandzerewicz A., Niebuda K, & Gadomska-Gajadhur A. (2023). Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Studies of Poly(1,4-butanediol citrate) Gels for Cell Culturing. Gels, 9(8), 628.

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Ethanediol-Citric Acid Condensation

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Commercially available ethanediol (Fisher Chemical, >99%), anhydrous citric acid (Acros Organics, ≥99.5%), and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate—PTSA (Sigma Aldrich, ≥98.5%) were used without prior preparation.

Howis J., Bandzerewicz A, & Gadomska-Gajadhur A. (2022). Rapid and Efficient Optimization of Poly(1,2-Ethanediol Citrate) Synthesis Based on Magic Squares’ Various Methods. Gels, 9(1), 30.

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Synthesis of Poly(1,2-Ethanediol Citrate)

Cited 1 time

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1,2-ethanediol (Fisher Chemical, ≥99%), anhydrous citric acid (Acros Organics, ≥99.5%) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA; Sigma Aldrich, ≥98.5%) monohydrate were used without prior preparation.
The synthesis of poly(1,2-ethanediol citrate) was carried out in a Mettler Toledo MultiMax parallel reactors system, using Hastelloy reactors (50 mL working capacity) with a Teflon cover equipped with a mechanical stirrer, temperature sensor, and DeanStark apparatus. The reaction mixture was heated up to 140°C for 10 min, and the temperature was then held constant for 50 min.
This synthesis was previously reported and verified (Howis et al., 2023 (link)).

Bandzerewicz A., Howis J., Wierzchowski K., Slouf M., Hodan J., Denis P., Gołofit T., Pilarek M, & Gadomska-Gajadhur A. (2024). Exploring the application of poly(1,2-ethanediol citrate)/polylactide nonwovens in cell culturing. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 12, 1332290.

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Mitochondrial Respiration Assay Protocol

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Sodium pyruvate, malate, rotenone, carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), sucrose, mannitol, EGTA, EDTA, bovine serum albumin (BSA), glycerol, HEPES potassium salt, Triton-X, Tris Buffered Saline with Tween 20 (TBS-T), Tris HCl, NaCl, KCl, potassium phosphate monobasic anhydrous (KH₂PO₄), and DMSO were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The citric acid (anhydrous) was from Fisher Scientific (Omaha, NE). The oligomycin was obtained from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY) and the protease inhibitors (Complete Mini Preotease Inhibitor Cocktail tablet) were from Roche Diagnostics (Indianapolis, IN). U-74389G was obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor MI).

Hill R.L., Singh I.N., Brelsfoard J, & Hall E.D. (2020). Pharmacological inhibition of lipid peroxidative damage by the 21-aminosteroid U-74389G improves cortical mitochondrial function following traumatic brain injury in young adult male rats.. Neuropharmacology, 170, 108023.

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Preparation of Diverse Organic Compounds

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Agarose (A6013), L-Alanine (A7627), Benzoic acid (242381), 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (D5905), Folic acid (F7876), Formic acid (F0507), D-(–)-Fructose (F0127), D-(+)-Glucose (BDH0230), Glycine (G7126), Horseradish peroxidase (P6782), DL-Malic acid (M0875), D-Mannitol (M4125), N-Z-Soy® Peptone (P1265), Pectin from apple (P8471), Phosphoric acid, D-(–)-Quinic acid (138622), Starch from rice (S7260), and Sucrose (50389) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). Acetonitrile (AX0145) was obtained from EMD Millipore (Billercia, MA), Citric acid anhydrous (A940) from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ), Sorbitol (V045-07) from J. T. Baker – Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc. (Phillipsburg, NJ) and Proflo Premium Quality Cottonseed-derived Protein Nutrient (069061) from Trades Protein, Southern Cotton Oil Company (Memphis, TN). All solvents were of HPLC grade and water was of Milli-Q quality (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA).

Tadych M., Vorsa N., Wang Y., Bergen M.S., Johnson-Cicalese J., Polashock J.J, & White JF J.r. (2015). Interactions between cranberries and fungi: the proposed function of organic acids in virulence suppression of fruit rot fungi. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6, 835.

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Hydrogen Exchange-Mass Spectrometry of Fc Glycoforms

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For hydrogen exchange-mass spectrometry studies, all four Fc glycoforms were thawed and then dialyzed into 20 mM citrate-phosphate buffer with ionic strength adjusted to 0.15 by NaCl at pH 6.0. Subsequently, the proteins were concentrated, as described elsewhere.^{16 (link)} The final adjusted protein stock concentration of 1 mg/mL was determined by absorbance at 280 nm as measured by an UV-visible spectrophotometer (Agilent 8453, Palo Alto, California). Components of all buffers including sodium phosphate and sodium chloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO) while citric acid anhydrous and citric acid monohydrate were purchased from Fisher Scientific, all at the highest purity grade. Liquid chromatography grade acetic acid and phosphoric acid, tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP), porcine pepsin, guanidine hydrochloride, and deuterium oxide (99+%D) were purchased from Fluka/Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-grade formic acid (+99%) was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, Illinois). LC-MS-grade water, acetonitrile, and isopropanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, New Jersey).

More A.S., Toth RT I.V., Okbazghi S.Z., Middaugh C.R., Joshi S.B., Tolbert T.J., Volkin D.B, & Weis D.D. (2018). Impact of Glycosylation on the Local Backbone Flexibility of Well-Defined IgG1-Fc Glycoforms Using Hydrogen Exchange-Mass Spectrometry (HX-MS). Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 107(9), 2315-2324.

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Silicate Glass Characterization

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The three silicate glasses (Glass A, B, and C) in this paper were from Corning® Gorilla® Glass families with silica content of 63.76, 67.37, and 70.9 mol%, respectively. Glass A and B are denoted as Glass 4 and Glass 1 in US Patent 20180282201A1²¹. Glass C is denoted as Ex. H in US Patent US10259746B2 listed in Supplementary Table S1²⁹. ACS reagent grade chemicals were purchased from Fisher Scientific Inc. including citric acid anhydrous, malic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, 37% hydrochloric acid, and Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate, aluminum chloride, as well as other alkali metal chlorides, and alkaline earth metal chlorides evaluated in this work. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) of 50 wt% solution was acquired from Fisher Scientific Inc. and further diluted to 10 wt% for leaching layer removal. DI water of 15 MΩ cm⁻¹ was employed for solution preparation, glass rinsing and cleaning.

Jin Y., Li A., Stewart R.J., Hancock R.R., Baker D.E., Yongsunthon R., Hughes K.K, & Weidman D.L. (2022). A template-free, more environmentally friendly approach for glass micro-texturing. Scientific Reports, 12, 879.

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Chemical Exposure Protocols for Invertebrate Syrup

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Acetamiprid (purity 99.9%) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich and used for chemical exposures (CASRN 135410-20-7; St. Louis, MO). Chemicals used to produce inverted syrup were sorbic acid (Amresco, Dallas, TX), citric acid anhydrous (Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH), pure cane sugar (Domino Foods, Inc) and distilled water (Gibco, Gaithersburg, MD). Analytical chemistry methods used acetonitrile, magnesium sulfate, sodium acetate, toluene and formic acid (Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH), as well as DSC-C18 and PSA (Supelco, Millipore Sigma, Burlington, MA).

Camp A.A., Williams W.C., Eitzer B.D., Koethe R.W, & Lehmann D.M. (2020). Effects of the neonicotinoid acetamiprid in syrup on Bombus impatiens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) microcolony development. PLoS ONE, 15(10), e0241111.

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