Hero 7

Mouse behaviour was monitored using GoPro cameras (GoPro Hero 7; GoPro Inc, San Mateo, CA, USA) directed at the short side of the cage for the sedation period and at the long side of the cage for the euthanasia period (behaviour was not recorded for the habituation period). Detailed behaviours were recorded for both sedation and euthanasia periods according to standardised ethogram (Table 1). During the sedation period, behaviours were originally recorded for 1200 s (20 min), but due to video loss for some mice, behavioural reporting was standardised to the first 800 s of this period. For the euthanasia period, behaviours were recorded until the mouse was deemed to have taken its last breath (ranging from 1.4 to 2.3 min following deployment of CO₂; breathing slowed down to intermittent gasping and the recording continued for approximately 30 s after the last breath to confirm that it was).
A single-blinded observer watched all videos, with each mouse scored individually for all observations. After 5 observations, the observer randomly selected 1 of the videos to re-watch; this resulted in 20% of the observations being used to calculate intra-observer reliability (mean kappa: 0.98; range: 0.86–1.0).

The developed sensor is positioned on the back at the height of L3–L4 for young and elderly subjects. It has been shown that the use of a single IMU in that position allows for the detection of all gait events, biomechanical elements of the pelvis and other spatial and temporal kinematics factor [24 ,25 ,26 (link)].
The TU & Go test was performed following the recommendations of [22 (link)]. Three meters away from the chair, a cone was used to mark the location where the patients had to make the turn. Before carrying out the tests, the procedure was explained with a demonstration, to resolve and clarify doubts. Each participant was recorded at 60 fps using a GOPRO HERO 7 high resolution digital video camera (GoPro, Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA) using lineal FOV (Field of View) mode to reduce the image distortion.
Three TU & Go test repetitions were performed by the older adults group, using for the analysis the performance of the higher time of the test carried out. For the young group, only one test was carried out.
Figure 3 shows the set up used for the measurements.

Schooling experiments were performed as recently described (Lopez et al, 2021 (link)), with experiments and analysis conducted using available code (https://github.com/khakhalin/Xenopus-Behavior). For each experiment, 30 Ctrl MO or Na_v1.1 + Na_v1.6 MOs tadpoles were transferred to a 17-cm diameter glass bowl on a LED tracing tablet (Picture/Perfect light pad), which in turn sat atop a dental vibrator (Jintai). Images of the bowl were captured using a GoPro Hero 7 (GoPro Inc.) every 5 min over the course of 1 h, with tadpoles dispersed by a vibration that was triggered 150 s before each image capture. For analysis, the position and heading of each tadpole was identified by acquiring the x–y coordinates of the head and gut of each tadpole using the multipoint tool in FIJI. A Delaunay triangulation was then used to calculate inter-tadpole distance and angles between neighboring tadpoles, which were then compared using a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.

Mortality was recorded daily. Body weight, blood, and intestinal tissue samples were collected on days 7, 13, 17, 21, and 24 from 24 birds from each breed (n = 48 birds/sampling day). Birds were euthanized after recording live body weight, and blood was collected through cardiac puncture and was decanted into plasma separation tubes. Blood was centrifuged for 10 min at 2,000 × g and 15°C to separate plasma. A 2 cm longitudinal segment was removed from the jejunum (2 cm anterior to Meckel’s diverticulum) and the ileum (2 cm anterior to the ileocecal junction) and transferred to tubes containing 10% buffered formalin. On days 12, 16, 20, and 23, video was recorded on 2 isolators per room (n = 8 isolators total, 4 CONV and 4 SG) for 1 h using GoPro (GoPro Hero 7, San Mateo, CA) cameras. Days selected for recording video preceded each sampling by 24 h.

Changes in healthcare access and delivery at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated changes to our study protocol. The study teams transitioned to a primarily remote recruiting strategy, using remote consenting procedures (electronic consenting documents) as much as possible to better facilitate social distancing precautions. Although the QBSAfe cards were initially intended to be used as 14 discrete cards, they were transformed into a digital format accessible via the internet (https://patientrevolution.org/qbsafe). Enrolled patient participants are instructed to review these digital “cards” before their scheduled clinic visit, and to take note of which topics they wanted to discuss with their clinician. The protocol is flexible to account for changes in COVID-19 infection rates at each site and safety of in-person visits.
Recording procedures also changed as a result of the pandemic. Recording of clinical encounters at the Midwest site was initially performed via secure teleconferencing with the use of the webcams in the exam rooms (completely remote recording strategy), followed by transition to the use of cameras (GoPro Hero 7) in the examination room set up prior to the clinic visit time by a team member on site. Planned enrollment numbers did not change as a result of the pandemic.