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5 protocols using ab39170

1

Comprehensive Inflammasome Signaling Pathway Protocol

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Antibodies used targeted mouse IL-1β (AF-401-NA, R&D Systems), mouse gasdermin D (ab209845, Abcam), ASC (AL177, Adipogen), mouse IL-1α (AF-400-NA, R&D Systems), human calpain 1 (ab39170, Abcam), human calpain 2 (ab39165, Abcam), and β-actin-HRP (A3854, Sigma). Pharmacological agents used were punicalagin (Sigma), glycine (Sigma), NBC6 (synthesized in house (17 (link))), MCC950 (CP-456773, Sigma), Z-VAD-fluoromethyl ketone (Merck), calpain inhibitor III (Merck), nigericin (Sigma), adenosine triphosphate (Sigma), ionomycin (Sigma), monosodium urate crystals (InVivoGen), calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals (InVivoGen), and IL-Ra (Kineret®, Amgen). All other materials were from Sigma-Aldrich unless specified.
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Calpain Proteins

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Formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue sections (3 µm) were stained using the VECTA Stain Elite Kit (Vecta Laboratories, Burlingame, USA) according to manufacturer’s instructions. After deparaffinization at 60 °C for 45 min, sections were rehydrated using descending alcohol concentrations. Demasking of epitopes was achieved by boiling in citrate buffer (10 mM trisodium citrate dihydrate, pH 6). Endogenous peroxidase was blocked by incubating in 3% H2O2 in methanol for 30 min before incubation in 1.5% goat serum for blocking of unspecific binding. Followed by incubation with primary antibody (anti-CAPN1, Abcam ab39170, 1:200; anti-CAPN2, Abcam ab39165, 1:100; diluted in PBS) at 4 °C overnight. Incubation with the respective secondary biotinylated antibody and ABC reagent were followed by DAB staining with the ImmPACTT DAB Kit (Vecta Laboratories, Burlingame, USA). For counterstaining, hematoxylin (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) was used. Finally, sections were dehydrated by ascending ethanol concentrations and covered with mounting medium. Images were acquired using a Leica Axiophot XX with an integrated camera system.
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3

Western Blot Antibody Reagents

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Antibodies directed against calpain-1 (ab39170), calpain-2 (ab39165), GAPDH (ab8245) and tubulin beta III (ab7751) were obtained from Abcam; Calpastatin from Santa Cruz (sc376547), cleaved caspase-3 (Asp175) (5A1E) (#9664) and phospho-histone H2A.X (Ser139) (#2577) from Cell Signaling Technology, TP53 (21,891–1-AP) from Proteintech, and 53BP1 clone BP13 (MAB3802) from Sigma-Aldrich. Secondary horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated anti-mouse (#1,721,011) and anti-rabbit (#1,721,019) antibodies were obtained from BIO-RAD Laboratories. The AF555 anti-rabbit (ab150078) and AF647 anti-mouse (ab150115) antibodies were obtained from Abcam.
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4

Immunostaining of Calpain and NCX Proteins

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Sections were rehydrated with PBS for 15 min and then incubated with a blocking solution (10% NGS, 1% BSA, and 0.3% PBST) for 1 h. The primary antibodies, rabbit-anti-calpain-2 (1:200; ab39165; Abcam), rabbit-anti-calpain-1 (1:100; ab39170; Abcam), rabbit-anti-NCX1 (1:200; LS-B15461; LifeSpan BioScience, Washington, USA), rabbit-anti-NCX2 (1:200; BS-1997R; BIOSS; Massachusetts, USA) and mouse-anti-NCX3 (1:100; NB120-2869; Novus Biologicals, Colorado, USA) were diluted in blocking solution and incubated overnight at 4 °C rinsing with PBS for 3 times 10 min each; this was followed by incubation with the secondary antibodies, goat-anti-rabbit AlexaFluor488 (1:400; A11034; Molecular Probes; Oregon, USA), goat-anti-rabbit AlexaFluor568 (1:300; A11036; Molecular Probes), and goat-anti-mouse AlexaFluor568 (1:500; A11031; Molecular Probes), for 1 h. The sections were further rinsed with PBS for 3 times 10 min each and mounted with mounting medium with DAPI (Abcam).
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5

Calpain Modulation in Cellular Processes

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Primary antibodies against calpain-1 (ab39170), Nucleolin (ab22758) and α-Tubulin (ab52866) were purchased from Abcam. Other antibodies used were: α-Calpain-2 (Cell Signaling), α-Fibrillarin (Novus Biologicals), Alexa Fluor 488 anti-rabbit IgG (Invitrogen), and Cy3 anti-mouse (Sigma). Inhibitors of PI3K (LY294002) and RNA Pol I (CX5461) were both from Calbiochem. Inhibitors of MEK (UO126) and calpain activity (calpeptin) were purchased from Promega and Sigma, respectively. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) was obtained from R&D Systems.
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