Hepatocarcinoma (Hep G2) cells were obtained from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Cells were maintained using Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) – high glucose (with 4500 mg L−1 glucose, L-glutamine, sodium pyruvate, and sodium bicarbonate) supplemented with 10% v/v fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2.5% v/v 1 M HEPES buffer (sterile, pH 7.3), and 1% v/v penicillin-streptomycin (i.e., full growth media). DMEM – high glucose was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Premium grade 100% FBS and 1 M HEPES buffer were purchased from VWR International, LLC. Gibco™ Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS, 1X, pH 7.4) and Gibco™ TrypLE Express were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Cells were cultured in 10 cm-diameter and 3.5 cm-diameter attachment treated tissue culture dishes purchased from VWR International, LLC.
For electrochemical methods, hydroxymethylferrocene (ferrocenemethanol, FcCH2OH, 97%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. For fluorescence imaging, 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA, ≥97%) and monochlorobimane (MBCl, ≥70%), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase 1 inhibitor (SOD1 inhibitor, LCS-1) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from VWR International, LLC. All reagents were used without further purification.
For electrochemical methods, hydroxymethylferrocene (ferrocenemethanol, FcCH2OH, 97%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. For fluorescence imaging, 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA, ≥97%) and monochlorobimane (MBCl, ≥70%), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase 1 inhibitor (SOD1 inhibitor, LCS-1) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from VWR International, LLC. All reagents were used without further purification.