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9 protocols using mirax scanner

1

Hippocampal Sclerosis Grading Protocol

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We determined ILAE [15] (link) and Wyler [16] semi-quantitative gradings of HS from resected specimens. ILAE ratings included specimens with severe neuronal cell loss and gliosis predominantly in CA1 and CA4 regions (ILAE type 1), predominantly in CA1 (ILAE type 2), predominantly in CA4 (ILAE type 3) or with no HS. Wyler grades provided grades of overall hippocampal cell loss ranging from no pathology to Grade 4, with three incremental grades (mild, moderate, moderate to marked, and marked). Furthermore, quantitative neuronal cell density (number of neurons/μm2) was obtained from each specimen, as recently described [17] (link). After scanning of Neu-N immunohistochemistry using a Mirax scanner (3DHistech, Hungary), rectangular regions-of-interest (ROIs) within hippocampal subfields CA1-4 were selected. NeuN-positive cells within these ROIs were counted with a quantitative software solution (HistoQuant, 3DHistech, Hungary) after manual control of correct cell identification.
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2

Ileum Mucin-2 Immunohistochemistry

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About 4 cm of ileum was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde to prepare 5‐μm paraffin slides, followed by antibody staining against mucin‐2 (Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom) (n = 4; Zhong et al., 2019). Images were captured with a Mirax scanner (3DHISTECH, Hungary), and the area of positive points was calculated with Image Pro (MediaCybernetics, Rockville, MD).
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3

Mouse Autoantibody Detection by ELISA

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Quantification of serum Ig isotypes was performed by ELISA as previously described40 (link). Tissue sections from gender matched Rag1−/− mice were used to detect mouse autoantibodies. Briefly, organs from the Rag1−/− mice were dissected, fixed with neutral buffered formalin, embedded with paraffin and sectioned. After deparaffinization with EZPrep buffer (Ventana Medical Systems) and antigen retrieval with Cell Conditioning Solution (CC1) (Ventana Medical Systems) the sections were blocked for 30 minutes with Background Buster solution (Innovex), followed by Avidin/Biotin blocking for 8 minutes, mouse serum (1:50 dilution) incubation for 5 hours and biotinylated horse anti-mouse IgG (Vector Labs) incubation for 1 hour. The detection was performed with Streptavidin-HRP (Ventana Medical Systems) followed by incubation with Tyramide Alexa Fluor 488 (Invitrogen). The slides were then counterstained with DAPI (Sigma Aldrich) for 10 minutes, mounted, scanned with a Mirax scanner and visualized with Pannoramic Viewer (3DHISTECH). Scanned images were scored and representative snapshots were processed with Photoshop (Adobe) to switch the green and red channels for presentation purpose.
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4

Intestinal Mucosa Damage Assessment

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Tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. They were cut in 3 μm thick sections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Slides were digitized with Mirax scanner and photographs were taken with CaseViewer 2.4 software (3DHISTECH Ltd., Budapest, Hungary). Intestinal mucosa damage was evaluated blindly by two individuals. The degree of injury was determined using the scoring system described by Park et al. [8 (link)]. (See Table 1). A minimum of three fields randomly selected from four quadrants of each intestinal sample were evaluated.
Morphometric analysis of total mucosa thickness and villous depth was analyzed using the CaseViewer 2.4 software (3DHISTECH Ltd.). Total mucosa thickness was assessed by measuring the distance between the villus tip to the lamina-muscularis mucosae in at least four axially oriented villi in four quadrants. Crypt depth was determined in at least a total of five axially oriented, open, non-destroyed crypts from three quadrants.
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5

NAFLD Histopathological Assessment Protocol

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Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissue was sliced into 3-μm sections, deparaffinized, rehydrated, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin or Sirius red for histopathological analysis. Slides with two sections of a single hepatic lobe were digitized using a Mirax scanner from 3DHistech. Sections were visualized using CaseViewer software version 2.4.0.119028 and were individually scored using a NAFLD scoring system (NAS) adapted from Kleiner et al. [7 (link)]. ImageJ public domain software (ImageJ Website, https://imagej.net/ij/, accessed on 5 January 2023) was used to assess the area covered by lipid droplets or Sirius red staining. A total of four variables were qualitatively assessed and ranked with a score: hepatocellular steatosis, liver inflammation, lobular fibrosis. A detailed summary of the criteria for score assignments is presented in Table S1.
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6

Histological and Immunological Analysis of Ileum

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The ileum was taken from 10 cm of the intestine in front of the ileocecal valve and about 4 cm of ileum was isolated, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin to dissected into 5-μm-thick slides. Subsequently, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were performed on the sections of ileum for the analysis of inflammatory injury. Six random fields were selected from each section, and the histopathological evaluation of inflammatory and crypt damage was assessed as previously described. The ileum sections were also stained against F4/80 (ARG22476, Arigo Biolaboratories Corp, Taiwan, China) and CD11c (ARG59698, Arigo Biolaboratories Corp, Taiwan, China) for the immunofluorescence analysis and against NF-κB p65 (phosphor S536) (ab86299, Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom) for the immunohistochemistry analysis. Images were captured with a Mirax scanner (3DHISTECH, Budapest, Hungary), and the fluorescence intensities and positive area were analyzed with Image J software.
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7

Mouse Autoantibody Detection by ELISA

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Quantification of serum Ig isotypes was performed by ELISA as previously described40 (link). Tissue sections from gender matched Rag1−/− mice were used to detect mouse autoantibodies. Briefly, organs from the Rag1−/− mice were dissected, fixed with neutral buffered formalin, embedded with paraffin and sectioned. After deparaffinization with EZPrep buffer (Ventana Medical Systems) and antigen retrieval with Cell Conditioning Solution (CC1) (Ventana Medical Systems) the sections were blocked for 30 minutes with Background Buster solution (Innovex), followed by Avidin/Biotin blocking for 8 minutes, mouse serum (1:50 dilution) incubation for 5 hours and biotinylated horse anti-mouse IgG (Vector Labs) incubation for 1 hour. The detection was performed with Streptavidin-HRP (Ventana Medical Systems) followed by incubation with Tyramide Alexa Fluor 488 (Invitrogen). The slides were then counterstained with DAPI (Sigma Aldrich) for 10 minutes, mounted, scanned with a Mirax scanner and visualized with Pannoramic Viewer (3DHISTECH). Scanned images were scored and representative snapshots were processed with Photoshop (Adobe) to switch the green and red channels for presentation purpose.
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8

Intestinal Tissue Histopathological Analysis

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Tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. They were cut in 3-micrometer-thick sections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The slides were digitized with a Mirax scanner, and photographs were taken with CaseViewer 2.4 software (3DHISTECH Ltd. Budapest, Hungary). Intestinal mucosa damage was evaluated blindly by two individuals. The degree of injury was determined using the Park/Chiu system described by Park et al. [8 (link)]. A minimum of three fields randomly selected from four quadrants of each intestinal sample was evaluated.
Morphometric analysis of total mucosa thickness and villous depth was analyzed using CaseViewer 2.4 software (3DHISTECH Ltd. Budapest, Hungary). Total mucosa thickness was assessed by measuring the distance between the villus tip to the lamina-muscularis mucosae in at least four axially oriented villi in four quadrants. Crypt depth was determined in at least a total of five axially oriented, open, non-destroyed crypts from three quadrants.
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9

Histopathological Evaluation of Ileum

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About 4 cm of ileum was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde to prepare 5 μm paraffin slides. The ileum sections from the 24 mice at the end of experiment were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for the analysis of inflammatory changes (n = 8). Histopathological assessment of inflammatory and crypt damages was assessed as previously stated by a light microscope (Dieleman et al., 1998 (link)). Six randomly selected fields from each slides were analyzed. The ileum sections were also stained with the first antibodies against F4/80 (ARG22476) and CD11c (n = 5) (ARG59698; Arigo Biolaboratories Corp, Taiwan). For immunohistochemistry analysis, we used Anti-NF-κB p65 (phospho S536) (ab86299, Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom) (n = 5). Images were captured with a Mirax scanner (3DHISTECH, Hungary), and the area of positive points was calculated with Image Pro (MediaCybernetics, Rockville, MD).
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