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5 protocols using mouse monoclonal anti vimentin

1

Western Blot Analysis of EMT Markers

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RIPA lysis buffer (Auragene, Changsha, China) was used to extract protein from indicated cells. Bradford Protein Assay Kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) was used to measure the protein concentration. A total of 50 µg of protein was separated on 10% SDS-PAGE gels and blotted onto 0.22-µm nitrocellulose membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat dry milk for 2 h and incubated with primary antibodies (rabbit polyclonal anti-E-cadherin, cat No. ab15148, 1:1,000 dilution), rabbit polyclonal anti-fibronectin (cat No. ab2413, 1:1,000 dilution), mouse monoclonal anti-vimentin (cat No. ab8978, 1:500 dilution) from Abcam (Cambridge, UK), and mouse monoclonal anti-β-actin (cat No. 60008-1-Ig, 1:5,000 dilution) from Proteintech (Wuhan, China) overnight at 4°C. The membranes were washed with Tris-buffered saline containing 0.1% Tween 20 (TBST), and then incubated with appropriate horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (goat anti-rabbit, 1:2,000; goat anti-mouse, 1:5,000; Auragene) for 1 h at 37°C. Enhanced chemiluminescence reagent (Merck Millipore, Germany) was used to detect the signal on the membrane. The data were analyzed via densitometry using Image-Pro plus software 6.0 (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD, USA) and normalized to the expression of the internal control (β-actin).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of EMT Markers

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The protein was extracted by radioimmunoprecipitation assay lysis buffer from indicated cells, and BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Scientific) was used to measure the protein concentration. After being separated on 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels, the protein was transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat dry milk and incubated with primary antibodies (rabbit polyclonal anti-E-cadherin [1:1,000], mouse monoclonal anti-vimentin [1:1,000], rabbit polyclonal anti-fibronectin [1:1,500], and rabbit monoclonal anti-beta Catenin [1:2,000] from Abcam, Cambridge, UK; goat polyclona anti-ZEB1 [1:500] and mouse monoclonal anti-ZEB2 [1:500] from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Dallas, TX, USA; mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH [1:5,000] from Sigma-Aldrich Co., St Louis, MO, USA) overnight at 4°C. The membranes were washed with TBST, and then incubated with appropriate horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody. Enhanced chemiluminescence reagent was used to detect the signal on the membrane.
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Antibody Sources for Cellular Imaging

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Mouse monoclonal anti-human Nup88 (#611896) was purchased from BD Biosciences (Franklin Lakes, NJ). Rabbit polyclonal anti-GFP (#598), anti-αtubulin (#PM054), and anti-DDDDK (#PM020) were purchased from Medical & Biological Laboratories (Tokyo, Japan). Rabbit polyclonal anti-GFP (#ab290), mouse monoclonal anti-vimentin (#sc-6260), rabbit monoclonal anti-pS83 vimentin (#12569), rabbit polyclonal anti-phospho-Histone H3 (#06-570), and mouse monoclonal anti-HaloTag® (#G9211) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK), Santa Cruz Biotechnologies (Dallas, TX), Cell Signaling Technologies (Danvers MA), Merck Millipore (Burlington, MA), and Promega (Madison, WI), respectively. For immunoblotting, all antibodies were applied at a dilution of 1:1000. Antibodies were diluted according to the manufacturer’s instructions for indirect immunofluorescence.
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Protein Extraction and Immunoblotting for HCC

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Extraction of total protein from HCC tissues and cell lines, as well as immunoblotting assays, was performed as previously described [29 (link)]. Nitrocellulose membranes were incubated with rabbit polyclonal anti-CXCL1 antibody (1:1200, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), rabbit polyclonal β-actin antibody (1:1500, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), rabbit monoclonal anti- GAPDH (1:2000, Cwbiotech, Beijing, China), monoclonal mouse anti-P62 antibody (1:2000, Abcam Co., Cambridge, MA, USA), rabbit polyclonal anti-LC3II (1:1000, Abcam Co., Cambridge, MA, USA), mouse monoclonal anti-E-cadherin (1:1000, CST, Danvers, MA,USA), mouse monoclonal anti-vimentin (1:3000, Abcam Co., Cambridge, MA, USA). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibody or -conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG were added as the secondary antibody (1:4000; Zhongshan Jingqiao Biology Technology Co., Beijing, China). For ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), serum was collected from the patients preoperatively. CXCL1 expression levels were measured in duplicate using an ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Wiesbanden, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instruction.
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5

Immunofluorescence Quantification of Autophagy Markers

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Cells were plated on sterile glass coverslips and processed as in [6 (link)]. The following primary antibodies were used: mouse monoclonal anti-p62 (Becton Dickinson; dilution 1:200) and rabbit polyclonal anti-LC3 (Sigma-Aldrich; dilution 1:1000), mouse monoclonal anti-Vimentin (Abcam, dilution 1:100), and rabbit-polyclonal anti-Calreticulin (Thermo-Fisher, dilution 1:50). As secondary antibodies (dilution 1:1000), goat anti-mouse or anti-rabbit antibodies conjugated with AlexaFluor 488 or AlexaFluor 555 dye (Cell Signaling Technology Inc., Danvers, MA, USA) were used. Nuclear chromatin was stained with a fluorescent dye, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI, Sigma-Aldrich), at 5 μg/mL. Images were acquired using a Nikon Ti2-E inverted microscope equipped with a DS-Qi2Mc camera and collected with a Nikon ×60 Plan Apocr λ (NA = 1.40) oil immersion objective, using FITC, TRITC, and DAPI detection filter sets.
For the LC3-p62 colocalization, images were processed using the freely available software ImageJ (version 1.53j), and a threshold-based analysis was performed to reveal the degree of overlap between channels. Colocalization was quantified as the fold change in autophagosomes loaded with cargo (yellow areas) normalized to the green channel area (total cargo signal).
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