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Usp apparatus 2

Manufactured by Erweka
Sourced in Germany

The USP Apparatus II, also known as the Paddle Apparatus, is a laboratory equipment used for the in-vitro dissolution testing of pharmaceutical dosage forms. It is designed to evaluate the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients from solid oral dosage forms, such as tablets and capsules, in a controlled environment.

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4 protocols using usp apparatus 2

1

Dissolution Kinetics of MCP Tablets

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The release rate of MCP from trial formulations (F1-F20) was determined using USP apparatus II (Erweka, DT 600 Heusentamn, Germany). The dissolution test was conducted in 900 mL of acidic buffer (pH 1.2) for the first 2 hours at a paddle speed of 50 rpm, followed by the testing in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8).24 (link) During the test, the temperature of the medium was maintained at 37°C ± 0.5°C. A sample of 10 mL was drawn at fixed time intervals and filtered through 0.45μm membrane filter paper. An equal volume of fresh medium replaced the volume of each sample drawn. Cumulative drug release was determined by a validated HPLC method23 (link) has already been described in Content Assay.
As a dependent variable cumulative drug release at 1hr., 6hrs and 12hrs were observed. The results were grouped into four based on low, medium, and high levels of Sodium Chloride concentrations and center point formulations, with different orifice sizes, and % weight gain of tablet after coating. Low-level group (−1) bears F-5, F-7, F-9, F-13, and F-18, the medium-level group (0) contains F-1, F-4 and F-11whereas, F-2, F-8, F-14, F-15and F-20 were grouped into high-level concentration of NaCl (+1). The remaining formulation F-3, F-6, F-10, F-12, F-16, and F-17 were center point batches with the same composition. F-19 is the axial formulation with no orifice.
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2

In Vitro Release of Atorvastatin from Cryoaerogels

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The in vitro release of ATV from the optimum ATV-loaded cryoaerogels was conducted using s USP apparatus II, a paddle stirrer model (Erweka dissolution tester) at a paddle speed of 50 rpm, and a temperature of 37 °C. The release profile was evaluated in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer saline—simulated intestinal fluid, pH 7.4. The prepared tablets of the ATV-loaded cryoaerogel were immersed in 50 mL dissolution medium. At predetermined time intervals (0.25–8 h), 3 mL aliquot was withdrawn and filtered via a cellulose acetate membrane with the pore diameter of 20 nm. The withdrawn volume was immediately replaced by 3 mL of fresh buffer. To measure ATV content, all the samples were assessed at a wavelength of 247 nm using a UV spectrophotometer, and then the cumulative ATV release was plotted against time.
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3

Dissolution Testing of Pharmaceutical Samples

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All the dissolution tests were performed in triplicate using a USP apparatus II (ERWEKA, GmbH, Langen, Germany) with a 75 rpm rotation speed at 37 °C. All buffer media were filtered by vacuum and degassed in an ultrasonic bath.
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4

In Vitro Dissolution of Tablets

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In vitro dissolution test of the prepared tablets was carried out using the USP apparatus II (Erweka ® , Heusenstamm, Germany). The paddle speed was set at 50 revolutions per min (rpm). Purified water with a volume of 900 mL was used as a dissolution medium and the temperature was maintained at 37±0.5 °C. Six tablets were tested for each formulation. Aliquots of the samples were manually withdrawn at the determined time intervals and were replaced with an equal volume of fresh dissolution medium. Thereafter, the samples were filtered and diluted with the dissolution medium to obtain the working concentration. The amount of drug released was analyzed using a UV spectrophotometer (JASCO V-630 ® , UK) at wavelengths of 230 and 610 nm for CHC and HBB, respectively. The amount of drug released was also calculated using an equation obtained from the standard curve. Finally, the percentage of the cumulative drug release was reported.
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