Isoliquiritigenin

Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) 3000 (Denver Especialidades Químicas, São Paulo, Brazil), citrus pectin (Êxodo Científica, São Paulo, Brazil), and propylene glycol (Synth, São Paulo, Brazil) were used in the production of the membranes. The polylactic acid (PLA) Mw 75,000 was acquired from Biomater (São Paulo, Brazil); the acetone, polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monolaurate, and polyethylene glycol 6000 were acquired from Synth (São Paulo, Brazil). The Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (Êxodo Científica, São Paulo, Brazil), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), gallic acid, quercetin, and 2,4,6-tris(2-76 pyridyl)-s-triazine were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). The flavonoids, namely, daidzein, formononetin, and biochanin A, were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Liquiritigenin and isoLiquiritigenin were acquired from Extrasynthese^® (Lyon Nord, France) and were used as the analytical standards. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade methanol was purchased from J.T. Baker (Mallinckrodt, Mexico), acetonitrile was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Leicestershire, UK), and the Milli-Q grade water was produced in a lab. Sodium carbonate was supplied by Vetec Quíımica Fina (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Anhydrous monobasic sodium phosphate (Neon Commercial, São Paulo, Brazil) was used in the phenol release test.

Isoliquiritigenin, butein, apigenin, luteolin, naringenin, eriodictyol, dihydrokaempferol, dihydroquercetin, marein, maritimein, peonidin and cyanidin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Okanin and maritimetin were obtained from marein and maritimein by enzymatic hydrolysis, as described previously [32 (link)]. Lutein (≥95%) and β-carotene (≥98%) were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genace, France). For HPLC mobile phases, acetonitrile hypergrade LC-MS (and formic acid 98–100% and ultra-pure water (Type 1, Direct-Q^® 3UV)) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). NADPH was purchased from LabConsulting (Vienna, Austria).