Anti c3d

Pregnant women routinely evaluated between 2009 and 2013 were included in this retrospective study. Unfortunately, there was no information regarding gestational age or haemoglobin concentration. The standard antibody screening test was initially performed on an automated platform (Immucor Galileo analyser, Immucor, Rödermark, Germany) using the solid-phase technology. In cases with a positive reaction, antibody identification was performed using antiglobulin gel cards and ‘neutral’ gel cards with untreated and enzyme-treated RBCs respectively (BioRad, Cressier, Switzerland). In cases with positive autocontrols or a direct antiglobulin test (DAT), RBC-bound antibodies were eluted from the cells using an acid-elution kit (BAG, Lich, Germany), or if negative, using the heat (10 min, 56 °C) technique [16 (link)]. All anti-immunoglobulin reagents that were used for the monospecific DAT were obtained from commercial sources: anti-IgG, anti-IgA, anti-IgM (all three from Bio-Rad Medical Diagnostics, Dreieich, Germany), and anti-C3d (Dako, Hamburg, Germany).
The presence of warm-reactive aab to RBCs was indicated when two of the following three criteria were met: a positive DAT, detectable aab in the eluate and/or in the serum [16 (link)]. If more than one antibody screening was performed in a pregnant woman, only the strongest serological reactivity was considered in the study.