Bc 545n

Demographic information, anthropometric paraments and pharmacological therapy were collected by trained interviewers at the beginning of the study. Regarding anthropometric parameters, the body weight (kg), body fat mass (%), skeletal muscle mass (kg) and visceral fat (cm³) were estimated by bio-impedance through a Tanita^® scale (model BC-545N). The body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio of body weight (kg) and height (m²) squared (kg/m²).

The study was performed between January and May of 2019. Each participant performed the adapted CST and the ISWT on different days (48 h apart), randomly. The total time of each collection day for each participant was one hour. Each field test was performed twice (test 1 and test 2) with a rest interval of at least 30 min. Specific instructions were given to the participants: avoid physical activity and any intake of caffeine and alcohol in the 24 h prior to testing, to get at least 8 h of sleep the night before, to eat a light meal and to ingest 500 mL of water in the two hours before the tests. Since the study was conducted during a period of classes, it was not possible to perform the tests at the same period of the day for all participants.
In addition, on the first day, the first procedure was the assessment of the body composition with a segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita BC-545 N, Tanita, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), by weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and muscle mass measures. For these measures, participants emptied their bladder immediately before the start of the measurements. However, the absence of food or liquid intake for at least 2 h before the measurements was not possible.

Body mass was measured using a digital weight scale (TANITA, BC-545N, Japan) and standing height was assessed using a portable stadiometer with the participants barefoot (TANITA, HR001, Japan). Sitting height was also measured with the stadiometer while the participants sat on the floor with their back against a wall. Body mass index (BMI) was subsequently calculated using a standard formula, as follows: mass divided by height squared (kg.m^–2). Skinfold thickness was measured in duplicate at the triceps and subscapular sites using a Harpenden caliper (Baty International, Burgess Hill, United Kingdom). The measurements were taken by the same investigator on the right side of the body to reduce variability in the results. Body fat (BF,%) was assessed using Slaughter’s equations (Slaughter et al., 1988 (link)).

Standardised questionnaires will be administered with a face-to-face interview by trained interviewers. Data collected will include socio-demographic (living arrangement, marital status, education, lifetime occupation), smoking, alcohol consumption, medical history, use of medications (prescribed and non-prescribed), hearing and visual impairment, falls, fear of falling (assessed with the Fall Efficacy Scale-International, FES-I) [46 (link)], cognitive function (assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA) [47 (link)], depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS) [48 (link)], anthropometric measures (height, weight, body composition (Tanita Scale BC 545N), circumference of the waist, hip, calf and mid arm), and blood pressure (Omron HEM7130).