UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis) (Lambda 1050) was performed to measure the visible light (400 nm–800 nm) transmittance of PU/PEI and PU/PMANa films in the dry and wet states. Tensile tests were conducted with a universal mechanical tester (UMT)
(T1377, Center for Tribology Inc.) at a speed of 2 mm/s using a 10 kg load cell. 180-degree peeling tests were completed with UMT at a speed of 0.5 mm/s using a 1 kg load cell. A backing Scotch tape with 19 mm width was adhered on samples for peeling. Scratch tests were performed with UMT by using a 1 mm diameter stainless steel ball indenter that was fixed on a 10 kg load cell. The indenter was moved horizontally along the film surface for 20 mm at 0.5 mm/s while the normal force linearly increased from 2 g to 5000 g. A digital microscope (AD4113ZT, Dino-Lite) was used to observe the scratch track. A 3D laser microscope (OLS5000, Olympus) was applied to measure the thickness of PU/PEI and PU/PMANa coatings on PU film. The morphology of PU/PEI and PU/PMANa films was observed using a SEM (ZEISS Ultra) at 10 kV accelerating voltage. 5 μL of DI water was used for measuring the water contact angle of PU/PEI and PU/PMANa films.