EXAMPLE 3
Instrumentation
The pH values of the buffer solutions were recorded using a dual channel pH meter (XL60, Fisher Scientific). All electrochemical measurements were performed using a CHI (760E) electrochemical workstation (CH Instruments, Austin, Tex.). Bare ITO and modified ITO were used as the working electrodes, Ag/AgCl was used as the reference electrode, and a platinum wire was used as the counter electrode. All electrochemical experiments were carried out at RT without deaeration. Images were obtained by using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, TESCAN LYRA 3, Czech Republic), and by using a transmission electron microscope (TEM, JEOL, JEM 2011) operated at 200 kV and equipped with a 4 k×4 k CCD camera (Ultra Scan 400SP, Gatan).