FE analysis was conducted using ANSYS workbench 17.1 (ANSYS, Canonsburg, PA, USA) for a mouse ulna sample. Using microCT images, the proximal ulna was segmented and meshed with MIMICS 16 (Materialise, Leuben, Belgium) using the procedure previously described (27 ). The proximal ulna was meshed into ~110,000 tetrahedral elements. A lateral load of 1 N was applied to the proximal end of the ulna (elbow loading). The deformations and stresses resulting from the applied loads were computed. In this analysis, we employed Young’s modulus of 8.9 GPa and Poisson’s ratio of 0.35 for bone (27 , 28 (link)), and 0.5 MPa and 0.45 for soft tissue considering material properties of the skin and muscle of rodents (29 –31 (link)). We employed three loading and boundary conditions in response to elbow loading with 1-N loads: lateral loads applied at two opposing locations; lateral loads applied at a single site on one side and three supporting sites on the other side; and lateral loads on a pair of soft disks that sandwiched the elbow.
Mimics 16
Manufactured by Materialise
Sourced in Belgium
Mimics 16.0 is a software package for medical image processing, analysis, and 3D model generation. It is designed to work with a variety of medical imaging data formats, including CT, MRI, and other modalities. The core function of Mimics 16.0 is to enable users to visualize, segment, and analyze medical images, and to create 3D models from this data.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Icem cfd 14, by ANSYS (4 mentions)
3 matic 8, by Materialise (2 mentions)
Workbench 17, by ANSYS (1 mentions)
3 matic, by Materialise (1 mentions)
Sensation open, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Icem cfd 19, by ANSYS (1 mentions)
Aquilion 320, by Toshiba (1 mentions)
Lightspeed vct, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Icem cfd, by ANSYS (1 mentions)
Solidworks 2014, by Dassault Systèmes (1 mentions)
Spss 23, by IBM (1 mentions)
38 protocols using mimics 16
1
Finite Element Analysis of Mouse Ulna
2
3D Femoral Head Measurement for Radiograph
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As the diameter of the intact femoral head in each case was different from the others, it was necessary to measure it using 3-matic (Materialise) in order to establish the relationship between pixel and actual distance, which could be used as the reference to set the size of the corresponding femoral head in each standardized radiograph. One independent investigator imported the CT scan data into Mimics 16 software (Materialise, Haasrode, Belgium) to create the 3D models of the fractured pelvises and measure the diameter of each femoral head, independently.
3
Micro-CT Analysis of Neo-Bone Formation
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The neo-bone formation was analyzed by micro-CT, carried out with a Skyscan 1076 (SKYSCAN; Konitch, Belgium) device, at 36.44 pixel resolution and 80 ms exposure time with an energy source of 40 kV and a 250 mA current. Approximately 180 projections were acquired over a rotation range of 180°, with a 4° rotation step. The full length of each bone was scanned, and, on average, consisted of 850 slices. Three-dimensional virtual models of representative regions in the scaffolds were created and visualized using MIMICS 16.0 software (Materialise’s interactive medical image control system; Leuven, Belgium). The visualized 3D images were shown in the gross profiles including trabecular and cortical bone ranges. The density of newly formed bone was determined by assigning a threshold for total bone mineral content within the initial defect and subtracting any contribution from the scaffold. The extent of the neo-bone formation in micro-CT was calculated by the relative ratio of newly formed bone mineral density determined during the experimental 12 weeks and on the initial day.
4
Micro-CT Analysis of Neo-Bone Formation
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The neo-bone formation was analyzed by micro-CT. Approximately 160 projections were acquired over a rotation range of 180°, with a 4° rotation step. The full length of each bone was scanned, and, on average, consisted of 800 slices. 3D virtual models of representative regions in the scaffolds were created and visualized using MIMICS 16.0 software (Materialise's interactive medical image control system; Leuven, Belgium). The visualized 3D images were shown in the gross profiles including trabecular and cortical bone ranges. The density of newly formed bone was determined by assigning a threshold for total bone mineral content within the initial defect and subtracting any contribution from the scaffold. The extent of the neo-bone formation in micro-CT was calculated by the relative ratio of newly formed bone mineral density determined during the 8 weeks experiment.
5
Maxillary Sinus Volume Assessment via CBCT
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MIMICS 16.0 software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) is a link between the scanner data (CT, MRT, CBCT) and a simple virtual 3D representation. The data from CBCT scans were segmented slice-by-slice, rendered to create a 3-dimensional model of the maxillary sinus and evaluated by MIMICS 16.0 software. The data from CBCT scans were converted and segmented, using manual thresholds, by MIMICS 16.0 software. The threshold is necessary to create a first separation of the anatomical structures (bone, soft tissue, and sinus). A mask is generated for each structure and makes it possible to proceed within the work flow. The masks can be edited slice by slice by simply adding or removing voxels manually. Bone, soft tissue, and sinus were separated using the above-mentioned functions. For evaluating, separated sinus volume were distinguished from anatomical structures. Right and left maxillary sinus volumes of each patient were determined and the average of these 2 volumes was recorded for each patient (Figures 1 –5 ).
6
3D Tooth Tissue Reconstruction
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The RS-9 micro-CT (GE Healthcare, USA) was used to scan the teeth, with the long axis of the teeth parallel to the examination table and perpendicular to the scanning plane. The scan thickness was 0.019 mm, and the DICOM format data of the tooth were obtained. Mimics16.0 software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) readed the data, discriminated enamel, dentin, and pulp chamber through threshold analysis and adjustment processing, calculated and generated a tooth tissue point cloud model of the mandibular first molar. Geomagics 2021 software was used to smooth the surface, generated a fitting surface and solidify it.
7
Evaluating Bone Changes via CT Imaging
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After X-ray examination, the animals were anesthetized by intramuscular injection of 0.1 ml/kg xylazine hydrochloride, followed by CT scanning at each time point. Optima CT660 CT64 (GE MEDICAL SYSTEMS, America) was used for CT scanning, and the parameters were 120 kV in Voltage, 293 mA in Current. The raw data, in DICOM format, were imported into MIMICS 16.0 software (Materialise, Belgium). This software was used to evaluate the appearance of sclerosis, cysts, and articular surface collapse evaluated slice-by-slice. All evaluations were performed by three radiologists blinded to the experimental protocol.
8
3D Modeling of Proximal Femur
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CT image data were saved in DICOM format and imported into Mimics 16.0 software (Materialise Corp., Belgium) to reconstruct the 3D model of the cortical bone and cancellous bone of the proximal femur.
9
Assessing Calvarial Bone Repair in Rats
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After six and twelve weeks post-surgery, rat calvaries were harvested and scanned using a micro-CT system (Burker, Salbruken, Germany) to assess bone repair in the defect area. Then, the 3D images were reconstructed by Mimics 16.0 software (Materialise, Belgium), and the percentages of new bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) and bone mineral density (BMD) in the calvarial defects were quantitatively analyzed.
10
Simulating A3.1 Femoral Fracture in Elderly
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An elderly female (age: 70 years old, height: 166 cm, weight: 70 kg), on whom computed tomography (CT) angiography was performed (Siemens Sensation Open 128-slice CT scanner; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany), was selected. An informed consent form for experimental research was obtained. CT scanning was performed to collect radiographic information of the femur. A three-dimensional femoral model was constructed in Mimics 16.0 software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) and introduced into Geomagic version 12.0 (Geomagic Inc., Morrisville, NC, USA). According to the Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesfrogen/Orthopedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification, an osteotomy plane at 60° to the sagittal plane above the lesser trochanter was created and extended to the inferior lateral wall to simulate an A3.1 fracture model [Figure 1 B].[12 (link)]
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