M. alba stem crude extract was dissolved in pure DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA) to make a stock solution at concentration of 100 mg/mL. The stock solution of oxyresveratrol (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA) at concentration of 1 mg/mL was prepared by dissolving oxyresveratrol in 2% v/v DMSO solution. Glucosamine sulfate (Taizhou City Fengrun Biochemical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, China) or diclofenac sodium (Pharmaceutical grade, Suzhou Ausun Chemical Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, China) was used as the positive controls. They were dissolved in water to make stock solutions at concentration of 5 mg/mL. The stock solutions were further diluted with cell culture medium to the required concentrations and filtered through 0.2 μm sterile membrane (GE Healthcare UK Limited, Buckinghamshire, UK) before using in subsequent tests.
Oxyresveratrol
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, China
Oxyresveratrol is a laboratory reagent produced by Merck Group. It is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound. The core function of Oxyresveratrol is to serve as a reference standard and research tool for scientific investigations.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Resveratrol, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Kojic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Mushroom tyrosinase, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Mulberroside a, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Catechin hydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Piceatannol, by ChemFaces (2 mentions)
Thunalbene, by ChemFaces (2 mentions)
Pinostilbene, by ChemFaces (2 mentions)
Batatasin 3, by ChemFaces (2 mentions)
3 4 dihydroxy l phenylalanine l dopa, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L ascorbic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Disodium hydrogen phosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phenol reagent, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glabridin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Disodium carbonate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl l picrylhydrazyl dpph, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
19 protocols using oxyresveratrol
1
Preparation of Natural and Synthetic Compounds for Bioassays
2
Tyrosinase Inhibition Assay with Phytochemicals
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3,4-Dihydroxy-l -phenylalanine (l -DOPA), kojic acid, oxyresveratrol, and mushroom tyrosinase were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The 27 flavonoids from D. parviflora were obtained from Kaoru Umehara [10 (link),11 (link)].
3
Tyrosinase Inhibitory Assay and Antioxidant Evaluation
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Tyrosinase from mushroom (SLBJ5647, activity of 5771 unit/mg), 3,4-dihydroxy-l -phenylalanine (l -DOPA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Folin and Ciocalteu’s Phenol reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 3-(4,5-dimethylthaizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), kojic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, oxyresveratrol, resveratrol, and glabridin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Disodium hydrogen phosphate and disodium carbonate were supplied by Merck Millipore (Temecula, California, USA). l -ascorbic acid and aluminium choride were purchased from Ajax Finechem (Taren Point, Australia).
4
Dendritic Cell Differentiation Protocol
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RPMI 1640 and low-endotoxin FBS were obtained from Lonza (Walkersville, MD, USA). Recombinant human GM-CSF and human IL-4 were purchased from Miltenyi Biotec (Bergisch Gladbach, Germany); Flow cytometric analysis was performed using the following mouse anti-human antibodies: CD83 (HB15e) and CD1a (HI149) (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA, USA); CD80 (2D10), CD86 (T2.2), HLA-DR (L243) and CD14 (M5E2) (Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA). PLGA (poly[DL-lactide-co-glycolide] 50:50 lactide-glycolide ratio, CAS 26780-50-7), PVA (poly[vinyl alcohol], CAS 9002-89-5), Acetone (≥99% purity, 1.00013), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, ≥99% purity D-5879), Oxyresveratrol (≥97% purity, 91211) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, (St. Louis, MO, USA).
5
Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Oxyresveratrol and Piperine
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oxyresveratrol (purity > 98%) and piperine (purity > 98%) for pharmacokinetic experiments were provided by Professor Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid from the Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceut ical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University. Analytical grade oxyresveratrol (purity ≥97%) and piperine (purity ≥97%) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Corp. Glycyrrhetinic acid (purity > 98%) as the IS for LC–MS/MS analysis was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. DMSO, used as a co–solvent, was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Corp. NSS, used as vehicle for test compound preparation, was purchased from General Hospital Products. β–Glucuronidase from Escherichia coli was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Corp.
6
Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Assays
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Fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin/EDTA (0.25%) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin solution were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY). Oxyresveratrol, Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase (catalog number G5003), p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG), Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's F12 medium (DMEM/F12), gallic acid, quercetin, porcine pancreatic α-amylase, starch, dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS), acarbose, 4-nitrophenol, Folin and Ciocalteu's phenol reagent were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Maltose and sucrose were obtained from Ajax Finechem Pty Ltd (Taren Point, NSW, Australia). 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Amresco (Solon, OH), and glucose liquicolor complete test kit (Cat. No. 10260) was purchased from Human GmbH (Wiesbaden, Germany). Puag-Haad was obtained from Origin Plant Co., Ltd., (Samutprakan, Thailand), briefly, it was prepared by water boiling the A. lakoocha wood chips, collecting the bubble foam, and finally drying collected material. The study was conducted in accordance with the Basic & Clinical Pharmacology &Toxicology policy for experimental and clinical studies (Tveden-Nyborg et al., 2018 (link)).
7
Autophagy Modulation in Neurodegeneration
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Oxyresveratrol, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), rapamycin, chloroquine diphosphate salt (CQ), and dexamethasone (DEX) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-LC3 (D3U4C) XP Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor 488 Conjugate), anti-SQSTM1/p62, anti-phospho-S6, anti-total S6, anti-LAMP1, APP, and anti-LC3 antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Anti-MAP2 (microtubule-associated protein 2) antibody (ab5392), goat anti-chicken IgY H&L (Alexa Fluor 647) (ab150171), and corticosterone (ab14597) were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Anti-rabbit HRP-linked secondary antibody (#7074P2) and goat anti-mouse HRP-linked secondary antibody (#62-6520) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA), respectively. ULK1 siRNA (m): (sc-44849) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). OxyR, CQ, rapamycin, and compound C were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and 3-MA was dissolved in double-distilled water.
8
Oxyresveratrol Solution Preparation
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Oxyresveratrol (OXY) with more than 97% purity (HPLC) was obtained (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA) (catalog number 91211). The stock solution of 100 mM was prepared by dissolving the compound in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The OXY stock solution was aliquoted and stored at −20 °C, in the dark until use. For all experiments, the compound was freshly pre-diluted in serum-free medium to make 1 mM prior to being furthering diluted to final concentrations for each treatment. By using this diluting strategy, it helped enhance the solubility of the compound. For the vehicle control, the final concentration of DMSO was below 0.1% throughout the experiment.
9
Comparative Resveratrol Compound Analysis
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Resveratrol, OxyResveratrol and KA were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All drugs were prepared just before use.
10
Stilbene Compounds for Biological Study
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Pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystilbene), piceatannol (trans-3,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxystilbene), polydatin (resveratrol-3-O-b-mono- D-glucoside), oxyresveratrol (trans-2,3′,4,5′-tetrahydroxystilbene) and DMSO were purchased from Sigma. Miltefosine was donated by Dr. Norton Heise (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil).
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