We performed the right carotid artery exposure surgery as previously described [22 (link), 23 (link)]. Briefly, mice were anesthetized by 2.5% sevoflurane delivered with anesthetic-specific vaporizer. The anesthetic concentrations were monitored with a DATex-Ohmeda monitor. During the procedure, the mouse was kept spontaneous respiration. A 1.5-cm midline neck incision was made after the mouse was exposed to volatile anesthetics at least for 15 min. The soft tissues over the trachea were retracted gently. One centimeter of right common carotid artery was dissected free from adjacent tissues without damaging vagus nerve. The wound was then irrigated and closed using surgical suture. The surgical procedure was performed under sterile conditions and lasted about 15 min. No response to toe pinching was observed throughout the anesthetic and surgical process. Rectal temperature was monitored and maintained at 37 °C with the servo-controlled warming blanket (TCAT-2LV, Physitemp instruments, Clifton, NJ, USA). MouseOX Murine Plus Oximeter System (Starr Life Sciences Corporation, Oakmont, PA, USA) was used to continuously monitor animal’s heart rate and pulse oxygen saturation. After the surgery, all animals received a subcutaneous injection of 0.003 mg/kg bupivacaine. Animals in the control group did not receive anesthesia, surgery or bupivacaine.
Tcat 2lv
Manufactured by Physitemp
Sourced in United States
The TCAT-2LV is a temperature control and monitoring device designed for laboratory applications. It provides precise temperature control and monitoring functionality for various experimental and research purposes. The device's core function is to accurately maintain and monitor temperature within a defined range.
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26 protocols using tcat 2lv
1
Carotid Artery Exposure Surgery in Mice
2
Stereotactic Injections in Anesthetized Mice
3
Right Carotid Artery Exposure in Rats
4
Simultaneous Binocular PERG Recording in Mice
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Anesthetized mice were placed on a feedback-controlled heating pad (TCAT-2LV, Physitemp Instruments Inc, Clifton, NJ) to maintain body temperate at 37°C. Simultaneous binocular PERG recording was completed with the Miami PERG system (Intelligent Hearing Systems, Miami, FL) according to published protocol (Chou et al., 2018 (link)). Eye drops were added as needed to prevent corneal drying (Systane Ultra Lubricant Eye Drops, Alcon Laboratories, Ft Worth, TX). The reference electrode was placed subcutaneously on the back of the head between the two ears and the ground electrode was placed at the root of the tail. The signal electrode was placed subcutaneously on the snout for the simultaneous acquisition of left and right eye responses. Two 14 cm × 14 cm LED-based screens were placed 10 cm in front of each eye. The pattern remained at a contrast of 85% and a luminance of 800 cd/m2, and consisted of four cycles of black-gray elements, with a spatial frequency of 0.052 c/d. Upon stimulation, the PERG signals were recorded by asynchronous binocular acquisition. Two consecutive recordings of 200 traces were averaged to achieve one readout. The first positive peak in the waveform was designated as P50 and the second negative peak as N95. The investigators who measured the amplitudes were blinded to the treatment of the samples.
5
Exploratory Laparotomy in Mice for Clinical Mimicry
6
Right Carotid Artery Exposure in Rats
7
Carotid Artery Exploration Surgery in Mice
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The animals were subjected to right carotid artery exploration surgery [3 (link), 9 , 10 (link)]. Briefly, mice were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane and mechanically ventilated. A servo-controlled warming blanket (TCAT-2LV, Physitemp instruments Inc., Clifton, NJ) was used to maintain the rectal temperature at 37°C. Mouse's heart rate and pulse oxygen saturation were monitored continuously by MouseOX Murine Plus Oximeter System (Starr Life Sciences Corporation, Oakmont, PA). A 1-cm long neck incision was made in the midline after 0.25% bupivacaine was injected subcutaneously. The soft tissues were retracted to expose the trachea. A 0.5 cm long right common carotid artery was dissected out from surrounding tissues with care to avoid damage to the vagus nerve. Isoflurane anesthesia was stopped once the wound was closed with skin staple. The surgical procedure was performed under sterile conditions and lasted for 10 min.
8
Right Carotid Artery Exposure in Mice
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The surgery was a right carotid artery exposure [22 (link)]. Briefly, mice were anesthetized by 2.5% sevoflurane (the first and second experiments) or 1.5% isoflurane (the third and fourth experiments) in oxygen. During the procedure, spontaneous respiration was maintained and rectal temperature was monitored and maintained at 37 °C with the aid of a heating blanket (TCAT-2LV, Physitemp Instruments Inc., Clifton, NJ, USA). A 1.5-cm midline neck incision was made after the mouse was exposed to sevoflurane or isoflurane for at least 30 min. Soft tissues over the trachea were retracted gently. One-centimeter-long right common carotid artery was carefully dissected free from adjacent tissues without any damage on the vagus nerve. The wound was then irrigated and closed by using surgical suture. The surgical procedure was performed under sterile conditions and lasted approximately 10 min. After the surgery, all animals received a subcutaneous injection of 3 mg/kg bupivacaine. The total duration of anesthesia was 2 h. No response to toe pinching was observed during the anesthesia. Our previous studies had shown that animals maintained good arterial blood oxygen saturation and heart rates under these surgery and anesthesia conditions [23 (link),24 (link)].
9
Exploratory Laparotomy Procedure in Mice
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All mice were anesthetized by 1.5% isoflurane for exploratory laparotomy as we did before [19 (link)]. Briefly, mouse was kept at spontaneous respiration with an inspiration of 50% O2. Rectal temperature was monitored and maintained at 37 °C with the aid of a heating blanket (TCAT-2LV, Physitemp instruments Inc., Clifton, NJ, USA). The hair in the abdomen was shaved and the abdominal area was sterilized with iodine. Bupivacaine (0.25%, 3 mg/kg) was infiltrated to the incision site before surgery. The abdominal cavity was opened by an incision from the xiphoid process to the superior margin of the pubic symphysis. The right colon, diaphragmatic surface of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and bladder were explored by a cotton tip wetted with NS to mimic clinical exploratory laparotomy. To ensure similar degree of stimulation, every mouse was explored by the same set of procedure. After the peritoneum and skin were closed separately, all animals received a subcutaneous injection of 3 mg/kg bupivacaine to the wound again for postoperative analgesia. The total duration of anesthesia was 2 h.
10
Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction
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