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Analyst 1

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Analyst 1.5 software is a data analysis tool designed for use with Thermo Fisher Scientific's analytical instruments. The software provides users with functions to collect, process, and analyze data generated from these instruments.

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117 protocols using analyst 1

1

Sphingolipid Profiling in Epidermis

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Epidermal strips were harvested and lysed in RIPA buffer followed by extraction of sphingolipids, as previously reported [26 (link),27 (link),28 (link)]. The extracted lipids dried using a vacuum system (Vision, Daejeon, Korea) were re-dissolved in methanol and analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS (API 3200 QTRAP mass, AB SCIEX, MA, USA) by the multiple reaction mode (MRM) [27 (link)]. The ceramide MS/MS transitions (m/z) were 510→264 for C14-ceramide, 538→264 for C16-ceramide, 566→264 for C18-ceramide, 594→264 for C20-ceramide, 622→264 for C22-ceramide, 648→264 for C24:1-ceramide, and 650→264 for C24-ceramide. The dihydroceramide MS/MS transitions (m/z) were 512→284 for C14-dihydroceramide, 540→284 for C16-dihydroceramide, 568→284 for C18-dihydroceramide, 596→284 for C20-dihydroceramide, 624→264 for C22-dihydroceramide, 650→284 for C24:1-dihydroceramide, and 652→284 for C24-dihydroceramide. The sphingoid bases MS/MS transitions (m/z) were 286→238 for C17 sphingosine, 366→250 for C17 sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) as an internal standard, 300→252 for C18 sphingosine, and 380→264 for C18 S1P. Data were acquired using Analyst 1.5.1 software (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). The levels of each ceramide subspecies were quantitated using calibration curves with the various concentrations of analytes and internal standard ratio and expressed as pmol/g wet weight of epidermis.
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2

Quantification of Cellular Sphingolipids

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To assess the levels of cellular sphingolipids, such as ceramides and S1P, human KC pre-treated with or without NOX (Apocynin [APO], 100 μM) or ROS generation (N-Acetylcysteine [NAC], 1 mM) inhibitors for 30 mins were incubated with DPE (100 μg/mL) for 24 hrs, followed by extraction of sphingolipids as we reported previously [30 (link),31 (link)]. The extracted lipids dried using a vacuum system (Vision, Seoul, Korea) were re-dissolved in methanol and analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS (API 3200 QTRAP mass, AB/SCIEX, Framingham, MA, USA) by selective ion monitoring mode. The ceramide MS/MS transitions (m/z) were 510→264 for C14-ceramide, 538→264 for C16-ceramide, 552→264 for C17-ceramide, 566→264 for C18-ceramide, 594→264 for C20-ceramide, 648→264 for C24:1-ceramide, 650→264 for C24-ceramide, 676→264 for C26:1-ceramide, and 678→264 for C26-ceramide, respectively. The S1P MS/MS transitions (m/z) were 366→250 for C17 S1P as an internal standard and 380→264 for C18 sphingosine 1-phosphate, respectively. Data were acquired using Analyst 1.5.1 software (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Sphingolipid levels are expressed as pmol per mg protein.
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3

Quantification of Cellular Ceramides

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To assess the levels of cellular ceramides, human HaCaT KC were pretreated with IL-4 (50 ng/mL) for 20 h, followed by incubation with exogenous PS (25 μM) with or without 10 μM of CB1 inhibitor (AM-251, Tocris Bioscience, Ellisville, MO, USA) for 4 h. Extraction of ceramides was performed as we have reported previously [23 (link)]. The extracted lipids were dried using a vacuum system (Vision, Seoul, Korea), re-dissolved in methanol, and analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS (API 3200 QTRAP mass, AB/SCIEX, Framingham, MA, USA) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The ceramide MS/MS transitions (m/z) were 510→264 for C14-ceramide, 538→264 for C16-ceramide, 552→264 for C17-ceramide, 566→264 for C18-ceramide, 594→264 for C20-ceramide, 648→264 for C24:1-ceramide, 650→264 for C24-ceramide, 676→264 for C26:1-ceramide, and 678→264 for C26-ceramide, respectively. Data were acquired using the Analyst 1.5.1 software (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Ceramide levels are expressed in pmol per mg protein.
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4

Quantitative LC-MS/MS Analysis of Plasma and Brain Samples

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All plasma and tissue samples from the PK studies were analyzed with an electrospray ionization LC/MS/MS system [HPLC, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan; QTrap 5500, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA] described previously(16 (link)). To 10 μl samples of plasma, normal brain or brain tumor homogenate [20% w/w tissue/water], 40 μl of cold acetonitrile was used to precipitate proteins followed by centrifugation at 15000 rpm for 5 min. For both plasma and brain samples, 10 μl aliquots of the resultant supernatant were injected into the LC/MS/MS system. Data collection and analysis were performed using Analyst 1.5.1 software [Applied Biosystems MDS Sciex, Ontario, Canada].
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5

Analyzing Macrophage Tryptophan Metabolism

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We cultured 7 × 106 BMDMs in 10-cm dishes overnight in macrophage growth medium to ~90% confluence. The following day, the medium was replaced with cRPMI 6 h prior to stimulation with IL-4 (10 ng ml−1) or LPS (100 ng ml−1) for 24 h. Cells were washed twice with cold PBS, and gently scraped off, pelleted, flash frozen and shipped to Y.-M.L.’s laboratory on dry ice. The extracted metabolites were analysed by LC–electrospray ionization–tandem MS (LC–ESI–MS/MS) (API 5000 QTRAP mass, AB/SCIEX) by MRM mode. Tryptophan and metabolite MS/MS transitions (m/z) were 205 → 188 for tryptophan, 209 → 192 for kynurenine, 225 → 208 for 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenine, 154 → 136 for 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, 206 → 160 for kynurenic acid, 190 → 144 for xanthurenic acid, 138 → 120 for anthranilic acid, 124 → 106 for 2-picolinic acid, 168 → 150 for quinolinic acid and 199 → 112 for l-mimosine as an internal standard. The metabolites were separated on a Luna C18 column (2.1 × 150 mm, 5.0 μm) with an injection volume of 5 μl and flow rate of 0.3 ml min−1 using 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid for mobile phase A and acetonitrile for mobile phase B. The gradient was as follows: 0 min, 2% B; 12 min, 60% B; 13 min, 60% B; 14 min, 2% B; 20 min, 2% B. Data were acquired using Analyst 1.5.1 software (Applied Biosystems), and are presented as pmol per mg protein.
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6

Characterization of MβCD Molecules

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To identify the average molecular weight and levels of methylation in side chains of MβCD molecules, we carried out the MS analysis. Initially, 0.4 mg of MβCD powder was dissolved in 3 mL of deionized Millipore (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) water as the stock solution (100 μM). An aliquot of the MβCD stock solution was further diluted with 90% methanol to 10 μg/mL (8 μM) for MS analysis. The diluted MβCD solution was directly infused into the API-4000 Mass Spectrometer (Applied Biosystems, Forster City, CA) at a rate of 10 μL/min. The mass spectrometer was used for Q1 scan with positive ion electrospray mode at 5000V and 100V declustering potential. The MS scan range was adjusted from m/z 1,200 to 1,450 at a scan rate of 2 s. The data analysis was performed by Analyst 1.5.1 software (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA).
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7

Quantification of Skin and Brain Sphingolipids

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Skin or brain biopsies from both VPA- and vehicle-treated mice were taken for sphingolipid quantifications after anesthetization with 2% isoflurane in a combination of nitrous oxide and oxygen (7:3, v/v) via an isoflurane vaporizer (VetEquip, Livermore, CA, USA). The levels of ceramide (Cer) and sphingomyelin (SM) were quantified using the LC–ESI–MS/MS (API 3200 QTRAP mass, AB/SCIEX) by selective ion monitoring mode, as described previously [70 (link)–72 (link)]. The MS/MS transitions of ceramides depending on their acyl chain length were 510 → 264 for C14-ceramide, 538 → 264 for C16-ceramide, 552 → 264 for C17-ceramide, 566 → 264 for C18-ceramide, 594 → 264 for C20-ceramide, 648 → 264 for C24:1-ceramide, and 650 → 264 for C24-ceramide, respectively. In addition, the sphingomyelin MS/MS transitions were 718 → 184 for C17 SM (d18:1/17:0) as an internal standard, 704 → 184 for C16 SM, 732 → 184 for C18 SM, 760 → 184 for C20 SM, 788 → 184 for C22 SM, 814 → 184 for C24:1 SM and 816 → 184 for C24 SM, respectively. Data were acquired using Analyst 1.5.1 software (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). The results are expressed as pmol/mg protein.
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8

Quantification of Sphingosine Kinase and Lyase

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Activities of sphingosine kinase (Sphk) 1 or S1P lyase (S1PL) were assessed as described previously [29 (link),30 (link),31 (link)]. Briefly, lipid extractions were performed by the addition of 100 pmol C17-sphinganine-1-phosphate or 100 pmol of (2E)-d5-hexadecenal, respectively. The extracted lipids were dried using a vacuum system (Vision), to then be re-dissolved in methanol and analyzed by an LC-ESI-MS/MS (AB SCIEX), as described previously [31 (link),32 (link)]. Data were acquired using Analyst 1.5.1 software (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). The activity of Sphk1 or S1PL was expressed as S1P or pentadecanal, respectively (pmol per mg of protein per min).
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9

Quantification of Ceramide and S1P

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Cells were treated with or without NOX inhibitor (Apocynin [APO], 100 μM) or ROS generation (N-Acetylcysteine [NAC], 1 mM) for 30 min and then further incubated with DPM for 24 h, followed by extraction of lipids as we reported previously [26 (link),27 (link)]. Ceramide, and S1P were quantitated using LC-ESI-MS/MS (API 3200 QTRAP mass), as we described previously [26 (link),27 (link)]. The ceramide MS/MS transitions (m/z) were 510→264 for C14-ceramide, 538→264 for C16-ceramide, 552→264 for C17-ceramide, 566→264 for C18-ceramide, 594→264 for C20-ceramide, 648→264 for C24:1-ceramide, 650→264 for C24-ceramide, 676→264 for C26:1-ceramide, and 678→264 for C26-ceramide, respectively. The S1P MS/MS transitions (m/z) were 366→250 for C17 S1P as an internal standard and 380→264 for C18 sphingosine 1-phosphate, respectively. Data were acquired using Analyst 1.5.1 software (Applied Biosystems). Sphingolipid levels are expressed as pmol per mg protein.
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10

Quantitative Bioanalysis of Compounds

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Chromatographic separation was performed using Shimadzu Nexera X2 (Shimadzu, Japan) equipped with an autosampler, a column heater, and a binary pump. Utilizing the Cadenza CD-C18 column (150 × 3.0 mm, 3 µm) (Imtakt, Japan) at 40℃, the analytes were separated using the isocratic mobile phase of 10 mM ammonium acetate:100% methanol (5:95, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The column was eluted into the Applied Biosystems MDS SCIEX API 4000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Applied Biosystems, Canada) with an ESI source, operating in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode under unit mass resolution conditions in mass analyzers. The optimized MS condition was as follows: curtain gas flow 20 L/h, collision gas flow 6 L/h, collision energy 45 V, and declustering potential 51 V. Data analysis was performed using Analyst 1.6 software (Applied Biosystems, Canada).
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