Eclipse lv100 pol

Mouse spines were harvested and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 24–48 hours and decalcified in EDTA (12.5%–20%) at 4°C for 15–21 days prior to paraffin embedding. Midcoronal 7 μm disc sections (Ca5/6–Ca8/9, L1/2–L6/S1) were stained with Safranin O/Fast Green/Hematoxylin or Picrosirius red, then visualized using a light microscope (Axio Imager 2, Carl Zeiss) or a polarizing microscope (Eclipse LV100 POL, Nikon). Histopathological grading was performed on n = 5 mice/genotype with 6 discs per mouse (30 discs/genotype) at P7 and 14wk (WT and cKO^Foxa2), and n = 8 mice/genotype with 6 discs per mouse (48 discs/genotype) at 9M (WT and cKO^K19). Modified Thompson grading was used to score NP and AF compartments by 3 graders under a blinded protocol. The aspect ratio of NP was determined by width divided by height of the NP tissue measured from Safranin O/Fast Green staining images of midcoronal tissue sections from 9-month-old WT and cKO^K19 animals, and n = 6 mice/genotype with 3 discs per mouse (18 discs/genotype) using ImageJ software.

Polarized microscope images of the polymer structure captured using a polarized optical microscope (Eclipse LV 100 POL, from Nikon, Melville, NY, US), and higher-resolution images were captured using a scanning electron microscope (Phenom ProX, from KE CHIEH Tech, New Taipei City, Taiwan). In addition, an atomic force microscope (E-sweep system, from Seiko, Chiba, Japan) was used to image the topographic configuration. To measure the water-contact angle on the superhydrophobic surface, we used a drop shape analyzer (DSA-100, from KRÜSS Optronic, Hamburg, Germany). Notice that what we measured was a static water contact angle. The surface chemical analysis was performed with a PHI 5000 VersaProbe (Chigasaki, Japan) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) system. Microfocused Al Kα X-rays were used, and the take-off angle of the photoelectron beam was 45°. The X-ray and acceptance lens of the analyzer was rastered over an area of 500 μm × 500 μm. The detection limit in depth of the XPS system is ~6 nm.

The analysis of the fibers was performed to see the effect of the extrusion process on the fiber length and diameter and thus the fiber reinforcing capacity. Since the wood fibers are sensitive to the shear stress, the dimensions of the fibers are expected to be influenced by the recycling process [5 ,13 (link)].
In the present analysis, the fibers were separated from the biocomposites pellets through two steps: (1) Boiling the pellets with xylene (170–175 °C) for 24–48 h, followed by (2) Soxhlet extraction in hot xylene (185 °C) for 6–12 h. Finally, the fibers were filtered and washed with ethanol and distilled water. The extracted fibers were dispersed with water (1.0 wt.%) and analyzed using an optical microscope Eclipse LV100POL (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). ImageJ NIH software, (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) was used to measure the length and width of the fibers and, consequently, the aspect ratio. At least 100 fibers were measured for each sample. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s HSD (Honestly Significantly Different) tests at 5% significance level were applied to the fiber aspect ratio to analyze the influence of the recycling.

Picrosirius Red^TM staining visualized localization and quality of the collagen fibrils^{40 (link),72 (link)}. Stained sections were imaged on a polarizing microscope (Eclipse LV100 POL, Nikon)^{7 (link)}. Images containing only the AF were used for the subsequent analysis of the surface area occupied by green, yellow, or red pixels. Threshold levels for these three colors remained constant for analysis of all samples.

The texture of different combinations of the mixed surfactant systems were recorded with a polarizing optical microscope (POM, Nikon ECLIPSELV100POL, Japan) set with a CCD camera. The sample was placed onto a glass slide and thereafter the POM images were recorded. Morphology of the surfactant aggregates were investigated with field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, ZEISS EVO 18, Germany). Samples were prepared by the drop-casting of the gel on a freshly cleaved mica foil and kept in air for two hours for solvent evaporation. Those were further dried at reduced pressure for two hours. The gold-sputtered samples were then analysed in FE-SEM at the operating voltage of 20–30 kV.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM, HITACHI, TM3000, and SU5000) was used to characterize the morphological feature of GF, SG@GF, and NSG@GF samples. The diameters of GF, SG@GF, and NSG@GF were measured with polarizing optical microscope (NIKON ECLIPSE LV100POL). The microstructure and compositional element distribution of the NSG@GF were further investigated by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM-2100) coupled with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) mapping. Element valence states and contents were preceded on an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, ESCALAB250Xi). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) measurements were conducted on a Nicolet NEXUS-670; where the resolution is 4 cm⁻¹, the scanning wave number range is 4000–400 cm⁻¹, to characterize the chemical structure of GOF, GF, SG@GF, and NSG@GF, where KBr was used to mix with samples to prepare thin films for FTIR measurements.
Electrochemical tests were carried out on an electrochemical workstation (CHI 660E, CH Instruments Inc., Bee Cave, TX, USA) with a two-electrode configuration for analysis of cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS, 0.01 Hz to 100 kHz). The electrical conductivity (σ) was measured with four-wire resistivity measurement method at room temperature.