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6 protocols using foxp3 transcription factor staining buffer set

1

Helios Expression in Naive and Treg Cells

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Sorted naïve and Treg cells from fetal and adult samples were incubated in FACS buffer with fluorochome-conjugated, anti-human surface mAbs. Fixation and permeabilization was performed using the Foxp3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer set (Tonbo Biosciences). All cells were stained with a live/dead marker (GhostDye Violet 510; Tonbo Biosciences) to exclude dead cells from analysis. All data were acquired with an LSRII flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) and analyzed with FlowJo (BD Biosciences) software. Helios+ and Helios- gates were set based on the clearly positive and negative populations seen in adult Treg samples; all adult naïve T cell samples were observed to be fully within the Helios- population, and were subsequently used to define the Helios- gate for subsequent experiments as a biological negative control.
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2

Immunophenotyping of Ex Vivo Tumor Tissue

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For immunophenotyping of ex vivo tumor tissue, tumors were extracted on day 8, after bacteria treatment on days 0, 4, and 7. Lymphocytes were isolated from tumor tissue by mechanical homogenization and digestion with collagenase A (1 mg/ml, Roche) and DNAase I (0.5 μg/ml, Roche) in isolation buffer (RPMI 1640 supplemented with 5% FBS, 1% L-glutamine, 1% penicillin/streptomycin, and 10 mM Hepes) for 1 h at 37°C. Cells were then filtered through 100 μm cell strainers and washed in isolation buffer before staining. A Ghost Dye cell viability stain was used as a live/dead marker. Extracellular antibodies used include: anti-B220 (BD), anti-CD4 (Tonbo), anti-CD8 (eBioscience), and anti-NKp46(BD). Cells were then fixed using FOXP3/transcription factor staining buffer set (Tonbo) in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocol and then stained intracellularly. To measure the production of cytokines by T cells, cells were stimulated for 2 h with PMA (50 ng/ml; Sigma Aldrich) and ionomycin (1 nM; Calbiochem) in the presence of brefeldin A. We stained for intracellular markers using the following antibodies: anti-TCRβ (BD), anti-Ki67(Thermo), anti-TNF (eBioscience), anti-IFNγ (Tonbo), and anti-FOXP3 (eBioscience). Samples were analyzed using a BD LSR Fortessa cell analyzer. FlowJo was used for all data analyses.
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3

Extracellular and Intracellular Staining of Isolated Cells

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Extracellular staining of isolated cells was performed in 2% FBS in PBS with 1mM EDTA (staining buffer) with human Fc blocking antibody (STEMCELL Technologies) and with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies, as previously described.11 (link) Intracellular proteins were detected in fixed, permeabilized cells using the Foxp3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer set (Tonbo Biosciences). Mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies used in this study: CD45 APC (Clone HI30, Tonbo Cat. No. 20-0459, 1:100), HLA-DR APC-R700 (Clone G46-6, BD Cat. No. 565127, dilution 1:100), CD3 biotin (Clone OKT3, eBioscience Cat. No. 13-0037-82, dilution 1:100), CD19 biotin (Clone HIB19, BioLegend Cat. No. 203304, dilution 1:100), CD20 biotin (Clone 2H7, eBioscience Cat. No. 13-0209-82, dilution 1:100), CD56 biotin (Clone NCAM16.2, BD Cat. No. 555515, dilution 1:100). Rat anti-mouse, mouse anti-human, and hamster anti-mouse antibodies are listed in the key resources table. Biotin antibodies were detected with streptavidin conjugated to BV421 (BD Biosciences Cat. No. 563262, 1:200). Dead cells were excluded from analysis using Aqua LIVE/DEAD Fixable Dead Cell Stain Kit (Invitrogen) stain. All data were acquired with BD LSR/Fortessa Dual SORP using FACS Diva software (BD Biosciences) and analyzed with FlowJo (TreeStar) software.
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4

Multicolor Flow Cytometry Analysis

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Staining with directly conjugated surface antibodies was performed as described26 (link). The following antibodies were used: anti-CD11b (clone M1/70, eBioscience), anti-F4/80 (clone BM8, eBioscience), anti-FGFR1 (clone M19B2, eBioscience). Staining with unconjugated anti-CD163 antibody (Bioss) was revealed by anti-rabbit Alexa-647-conjugated secondary antibody (Invitrogen). Intracellular staining for iNOS was performed using the Foxp3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set (Tonbo Bioscience). Analysis was done using a two-laser standard configuration Attune NxT Acoustic Focusing Cytometer (Invitrogen). Analysis of flow cytometry data was performed with FlowJo software (Tree Star Inc).
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5

Comprehensive Immune Cell Analysis

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Anti-Human CD25-PE/Cy5 was purchased from BD Biosciences, (San Jose, CA). Anti-Human CD4-PE, anti-Human CD4-APC, anti-Human CD8-PE/Cy7, and FOXP3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set were purchased from Tonbo Biosciences (San Diego, CA). Anti-Human CTLA-4-PE/CY7, anti-Human CD45RA-APC/Fire™750, anti-Human CCR7-PerCP/Cy5.5, anti-Human CXCR3-VB421, anti-Human CCR4-BV711, and Zombie Aqua™ Fixable Viability Kit were purchased from Biolegend (San Diego, CA). Anti-Human FOXP3-Alexa Fluor®647 was purchased from Beckman Coulter (Brea, CA). Carboxy fluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and CellTrace Violet (CTV) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Recombinant Human GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, TGFβ-1, and TNF-α cytokines were from PeproTech (New Jersey, USA). Some assays were performed in RPMI 1640 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Thermo Fisher Scientific), 2 mM L-glutamine (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 10 mM HEPES, and 10 mM antibiotic/antimycotic (Thermo Fisher Scientific). All cell culture assays were performed at 37°C and 5% CO2 conditions.
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6

Immune Profiling of Tumor Microenvironment

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Myeloid and lymphoid subsets were isolated from the tumors and quantitatively analyzed as previously described (Chowdhury et al., 2019 (link)) with some modifications. Briefly, after mechanical homogenization, the tumors were digested with collagenase A (1 mg ml−1; Roche) and DNase I (0.5 μg ml−1; Roche) in isolation buffer (RPMI 1640 supplemented with 5% FBS, 1% L-glutamine, 1% penicillin–streptomycin and 10 mM HEPES) for 45 minutes shaking (150 rpm) at 37 °C. Cells were filtered through 100 μm cell strainers, washed in isolation buffer and stained. Myeloid cells were stained immediately, and lymphoid subset underwent a separation gradient using Percoll (67%, 40%), followed by staining. Dead cells were excluded by staining with Ghost Dye cell viability reagent. Extracellular antibodies included: anti-B220 (BD) (1:200), anti-CD19 (Tonbo) (1:200), anti-CD45 (BD and Biolegend) (1:400), anti-CD4 (BD) (1:400), anti-CD8 (Tonbo) (1:400), anti-NK1.1 (BD) (1:300), anti-CD11b (BD) (1:500), anti-CD11c (BD) (1:200), anti-F4/80 (Tonbo) (1:500), and anti-MHC class II (Tonbo) (1:400) antibodies. Intracellular antibodies included: anti-CD3e (BD) (1:400), anti-TCRβ (BD) (1:300) and anti-FOXP3 (Thermo) (1:300). Cells were fixed using the FOXP3/transcription factor staining buffer set (Tonbo) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Samples were analyzed using a BD LSRFortessa cell analyzer.
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