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A1 scanning confocal microscope

Manufactured by Nikon
Sourced in Japan

The Nikon A1 is a scanning confocal microscope designed for high-resolution imaging. It utilizes laser scanning technology to capture detailed, three-dimensional images of samples with improved optical resolution and contrast compared to conventional microscopes.

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30 protocols using a1 scanning confocal microscope

1

Quantifying Neuronal Dendritic Morphology

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Primary hippocampal neurons were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde plus 4% sucrose for 20 min and incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C, followed by secondary antibodies at room temperature for 1 h. Images were taken under a Nikon A1 scanning confocal microscope with a 40× or 60× oil immersion objective. Mouse brain sections were stained with anti-GFP antibody in Tris-buffered saline containing 0.1% Triton X-100 and 3% bovine serum albumin. Images of the hippocampal region were captured using a Leica TCS SP8 confocal microscope with a 40× oil immersion objective. The number, length, and complexity of neuronal dendrites were quantified using ImageJ (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA) with the NeuronJ [17 (link)] and Sholl analysis plugins (Anirvan Ghosh). Dendritic spines were quantified using Metamorph 7.0 (Molecular Devices). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA.
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2

Confocal Microscopy for High-Resolution Imaging

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Confocal microscopy images were obtained on a Nikon A1 scanning confocal microscope with 100x magnification. The excitation wavelength was 561 nm and detection was set for Cy3 fluorescence using a GaAsP detector. The diffraction-limited spatial resolution is 260 nm. Images were processed with ImageJ and modified only for contrast and brightness. Images were cropped and enlarged to aid observation of the smallest features.
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3

Multicolor Confocal Imaging Protocol

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Imaging was performed on a Nikon A1 scanning confocal microscope, using either a 60x or 40x/1.3 NA Plan-Apo oil objective. Z stacks (500 – 1000 nm steps) were acquired in using the 405nm diode laser, 561nm diode-pumped-solid-state (DPSS) laser, a 638nm diode laser, as well as a 488nm Argon-gas laser line.
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4

Lysosomal Activity Quantification

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The lysosomal activity of the cells was measured using LysoTracker® Red DND‐99 (Life Technologies, USA), which can accumulate in acidic compartments such as lysosomes due to proton trapping. For this experiment, LysoTracker media was made with a final concentration of 50 nM in normal cell culture media prior to staining and kept at 37°C in the dark until use. After removal of the original media at the end point of designated treatment, LysoTracker media was added, the cells were incubated for 20 min. Once the Lysotracker media was removed, cells were washed twice with PBS and fixed with 3% glutaraldehyde (Aladdin Biochemical Technology, China) in H2O followed by nuclear staining with DAPI. Images were obtained with a Nikon A1 scanning confocal microscope. The number of Lysotracker+ dots was determined by randomly selecting 3 areas for each sample using Image J software.
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5

Immunofluorescent Staining of Larval Gut Tissues

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For whole mount immunofluorescent staining, larvae were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at 4°C overnight. Following fixation, the whole gut region was dissected out and blocked for 1 hour with PBS with 0.2% Triton (PBST) and 10% fetal bovine serum. For cryosections, fish were similarly fixed and the gut-intestine system was dissected. Tissues were then immersed in 30% sucrose/PBS, embedded in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and sectioned in 10 µm thickness using a cryostat. Primary antibodies used in this study included: mouse anti-Nkx6.1 (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, F55A12), 1: 100. Guinea pig anti-Insulin (Dako, A0564), 1: 500. Rabbit anti-Glucagon (Dako, A0565), 1:400. Rabbit anti-Somatostatin (Dako, A0566), 1:500. Rabbit anti-DsRed (Clontech, 642496), 1:100. Mouse anti-2F11 (Abcam, ab71286), 1:200. Primary antibodies were incubated at 4°C overnight. After washing with PBST, samples were incubated with secondary antibodies (Jackson Immunoresearch, 1:300) in blocking buffer. Fluorescent images were acquired with Nikon A1 scanning confocal microscope. Cell counting was carried out manually. Briefly, whole mount tissues were scanned by confocal microscope and maximum projections were assembled from Z-stacks. Cell numbers were counted from reconstructed images. Students t-test was implemented for statistical analysis.
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6

Imaging Migrating Border Cells in Drosophila Ovaries

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Male flies containing slbo-GAL4, UAS-lifeact-GFP and UAS-LacZ were crossed to UAS-raskol-RNAi females. 1–2 day old F1 females were incubated at 29°C for 1–2 days in vials with fresh yeast paste and slbo-GAL4, UAS-lifeact-GFP males. Ovaries were dissected for live imaging in imaging media (Schneiders’s medium, 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.2mg/ml Insulin; Thermo Fisher Scientific) according to published protocols [22 (link), 98 (link)]. 100 μl of imaging media containing egg chambers was transferred to poly-D-lysine coated Mattek dishes for imaging. 20 μm z-stacks (1 μm step size) covering the whole migrating border cell cluster were acquired every 2 minutes using on a Nikon A1 scanning confocal microscope.
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7

RNAi Analysis of Border Cell Migration

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For BC migration analysis, RNAi-expressing female flies under the control of slbo-GAL4 were collected and transferred to vials containing fresh yeast paste and males. Flies were raised at 29°C for 1–2 days. UAS-GFP was used as a reporter for RNAi expression. Dissected ovaries were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 20 mins and washed 5 times with PBS. Ovaries were mounted on microscope slides in 70% glycerol and 20 μm z-stacks were acquired on a Nikon A1 scanning confocal microscope.
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8

Glyoxal-Induced Stress on Endothelial Cells

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Cells were plated on 0.17 mm glass coverslips (no. 1.5) pre-coated with gelatin and allowed to adhere to a monolayer. BAOECs were pre-treated with RAP [5µg/ml] for 2h and then glyoxal 500µM was added to the medium for 24h. Cells were washed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), fixed in 4% para-formaldehyde (PFA), permeabilized in 0.1% Triton PBS 1X for 2 min on ice, incubated with different primary Abs and revealed by appropriate Alexa-Fluor-tagged secondary Abs (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Cells were analyzed by using a Nikon Ti Eclipse inverted microscope with A1 scanning confocal microscope at the Confocal and Specialized Microscopy Shared Resource (CSMSR). 60x/1.49 Apo TIRF Oil immersion objective was employed. 1024x1024 pixel images were acquired using NIS Elements software. The acquisition was performed by adopting a laser power, gain, and offset settings that allowed maintaining pixel intensities (gray scale) within the 0-255 range and hence avoid saturation. Analysis of confocal images was performed using the ImageJ software
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9

Multimarker Imaging of Glioblastoma Cells

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To label active mitochondria, live glioblastoma cells were incubated with MitoTracker Green FM (Molecular Probes #M7514) using on Invitrogen Molecular Probes protocol. Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 30 min. Then immunochemical staining was performed using standard protocols. Glioblastoma cells were stained with α-Tubulin (mAb #T5168 from Sigma) and phospho-Histone H2A.X Ser139 (mAb #05-636 from Millipore), as well with anti-CD133 (mAb #64326 from Cell Signaling Technology). The secondary Abs were Alexa Fluor 594 goat anti-mouse IgG from Molecular Probes/Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). A Nikon A1 scanning confocal microscope on an Eclipse TiE microscope stand (Nikon Instruments, Melville, NY) was used for immunofluorescence image acquisition (as Z-series projection) and analysis. Images were further analyzed and quantified using ImageJ software (NIH).
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10

Live Imaging of Drosophila Embryos

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Raskol-YFP [55 (link)] homozygous female flies were crossed to DE-cad-mCherry [49 (link)] homozygous males. Embryos were collected overnight on grape juice agar plates and transferred to microscope slides coated with double-sided tape. Embryos were manually dechorionated and immediately transferred to halocarbon oil on coverslips with the dorsal side facing down. Coverslips were then attached to imaging chambers using double sided tape and imaged on a Nikon A1 scanning confocal microscope.
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