Jem 1400 tem instrument

The size and morphology of HA‐Dox were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Briefly, 2.0 μl of HA‐Dox suspensions were allowed to air‐dry on Formvar carbon‐coated cupper grids. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on a JEOL JEM‐1400 TEM instrument, operating at a voltage of 100 kV (JEOL USA, Inc.). Particle zeta potential was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) on Malvern Zetasizer (Malvern). The mean particle size of HA‐Dox was estimated with a NanoSight NS3000 (Malvern Panalytical Inc., Westborough, MA).

The average hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity index (PDI) of TEB NPs were measured with a NICOMP 380 ZLS at 0 °C, 25 °C, 38 °C, and 54 °C with a scattering angle of 90° multiple times^{43 (link)}. The average of three measurements was reported. The size of SC, and WP were measured with a NICOMP 380 ZLS with a scattering angle of 90° multiple times.
The dried samples were ground into a fine powder with potassium bromide (KBr) and pressed into thin slices and scanned 32 times within the wavenumber range of 400 to 4000 cm⁻¹ through a Spectrum 100 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Perkin Elmer Inc., USA).
The morphology of NPs was observed on a JEOL JEM-1400 TEM instrument with an acceleration voltage of 200 kV. One drop of the TEB NPs solution was deposited on a carbon-coated copper grid. The droplet was allowed to dry at room temperature.
Zeta potentials (from electrophoretic mobility) of NPs were measured using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZEN3700 (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK). The pH of the sample solution was fixed at 6.0 and three replicate measurements per sample were performed.
TGA simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA 449 F3) was used for thermogravimetric analysis to record the weight-loss data of the material with temperature changes. The temperature was increased from 30 °C to 600 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min and a nitrogen flow rate of 20 mL/min.