Absolute ethanol

Manufactured by Biosolve

Sourced in France

Absolute ethanol is a highly purified form of ethanol (ethyl alcohol) that contains a minimal amount of water. It is a clear, colorless, and volatile liquid. Absolute ethanol has a high purity level, typically 99.5% or higher. Its core function is to serve as a versatile solvent in various applications, including scientific research, chemical synthesis, and industrial processes.

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Ethanol (14 citations) Ethanol absolute (EtOH) (2 citations)

6 protocols using absolute ethanol

Ethanol-induced Oxidative Stress in ARPE-19

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Arising retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE‐19) human cell line was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Barcelona, Spain). ARPE‐19 cells were cultured as previously described 31, 37. Cells were used from 18 to 20 passages and cultured to 80–90% confluence in p100 culture well plates at a seeding density of 1 × 10⁶ cells/cm². The use of sub‐confluent cell cultures might be a limitation for the direct applicability of the results to the physiological situation, though these sub‐confluent conditions are largely accepted in oxidative stress studies 25, 31, 37. Cells were treated for 24 hrs at different ethanol concentrations: 40 and 80 mM (absolute ethanol; Biosolve, Valkenswaard, The Netherlands). Subsequently, cells and supernatant were collected and preserved for future experiments.
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were isolated as described previously 38. Briefly, umbilical veins were perfused with 1% collagenase solution and incubated at 37°C for 15 min. Endothelial cells were recovered in specific endothelial growing medium (EGM)‐2 (Lonza, Cultek, Barcelona, Spain) and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO₂.

Atienzar‐Aroca S., Flores‐Bellver M., Serrano‐Heras G., Martinez‐Gil N., Barcia J.M., Aparicio S., Perez‐Cremades D., Garcia‐Verdugo J.M., Diaz‐Llopis M., Romero F.J, & Sancho‐Pelluz J. (2016). Oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium cells increases exosome secretion and promotes angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 20(8), 1457-1466.

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Decitabine Formulation Development

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Decitabine was purchased from LC Laboratories^® (Woburn, MA, USA). Labrafac^® WL1349 (caprylic-capric acid triglycerides), Labrafil^® M1944CS (oleoyl macrogol-6 glycerides), Peceol^® (glycerol mono-oleates), and Transcutol^® HP (THP) (highly purified diethylene glycol monoethyl ether) were kindly provided by Gattefossé (Saint-Priest, France). Lipoïd^® S75-3 (soybean lecithin: 69% phosphatidylcholine and 10% phosphatidylethanolamine) and Kolliphor^® HS15 (mixture of free polyethylene glycol [PEG] 660 and PEG 660 hydroxystearate) were kindly supplied by Lipoïd^® and BASF, respectively (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Deionized water was obtained from a Milli-Q plus system (Merck-Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium chloride and disodium hydrogen phosphate were purchased from Prolabo (Fontenay-Sous-Bois, France) and sucrose was purchased from Merck-Millipore. Sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, formic acid, ammonium acetate, Triton^® X-100, Tween^® 80, Span^® 80, and formic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Quentin-Fallavier, France). Captex^® 8000 (glyceryl tricaprylate) was a gift from Abitec Corp. (Saint-Quentin Fallavier, France).
Absolute ethanol, methanol ULC/MS grade, acetonitrile, and LC-MS grade water were purchased from Biosolve (Dieuze, France). Acetone was purchased from VWR (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France).

Briot T., Roger E., Lautram N., Verger A., Clavreul A, & Lagarce F. (2017). Development and in vitro evaluations of new decitabine nanocarriers for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 12, 8427-8442.

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Decitabine Nanoemulsion Formulation

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Decitabine was purchased from LC laboratories (Woburn, MA, USA). Labrafac^® WL1349 (caprylic-capric acid triglycerides) and Transcutol^® HP (highly purified diethylene glycol monoethyl ether) were kindly provided by Gattefossé (Saint-Priest, France). Kolliphor^® HS15 (a mixture of free polyethylene glycol [PEG] 660 and PEG 660 hydroxystearate) was kindly supplied by BASF (Angerville, France). Sodium chloride was purchased from Prolabo (Fontenay-Sous-Bois, France). Formic acid, Tween^® 20 (sorbitan monolaurate), potassium chloride, sodium hydroxide, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), hydrochloric acid, dimethylformamide (DMF), deuterated DMSO, lauric acid, 4-(dimethylamino) pyridine (DMAP), potassium chloride, and propidium iodide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Quentin-Fallavier, France). RNAse A was obtained from Fisher Scientific (Illkirch, France). Deionized water was obtained from a Milli-Q plus system (Merck-Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany). Absolute ethanol, acetonitrile LC/MS grade, and methanol LC/MS grade were purchased from Biosolve (Dieuze, France). Methanol and dichloromethane (DCM) laboratory reagent grades were obtained from Fisher Chemical (Illkirch, France).

Briot T., Roger E., Bou Haidar N., Bejaud J., Lautram N., Guillet C., Thépot S., Legeay S, & Lagarce F. (2019). Di-O-lauroyl-decitabine-lipid nanocapsules: toward extending decitabine activity. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 14, 2091-2102.

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Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

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3-Aminopropyl
trimethoxysilane (APTMS, 97%),
triethylamine (TEA, 99.5%), copper(II) bromide (CuBr₂,
99%), 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy, 98%), 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide
(BIBB, 98%), 1-bromocarbonyl-1-methylethyl acetate (BMA, 96%), N,N,N′,N′,N′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine
(PMDETA, 98%), and l-ascorbic acid (LAA) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich and were used as received. Toluene (AR) and ethanol
(absolute) were purchased from Biosolve and Merck, respectively. All
water used in the experiments was ultrapure (Millipore Milli-Q grade).
2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA, 97%) and methyl methacrylate (MMA,
99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and purified from inhibitors
by passing through a basic alumina column. Copper(I) chloride (CuCl,
98%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, purified by stirring in glacial
acetic acid for several hours, filtered, washed with absolute ethanol,
and vacuum-dried. The native oxidized silicon wafer surfaces were
purchased from Okmetic (Vantaa, Finland). The silicon cantilevers
were obtained from Nanosensors (Neuchâtel, Switzerland).

Grebíková L., Whittington S.G, & Vancso J.G. (2018). Angle-Dependent Atomic Force Microscopy Single-Chain Pulling of Adsorbed Macromolecules from Planar Surfaces Unveils the Signature of an Adsorption–Desorption Transition. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 140(20), 6408-6415.

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Ethanol Cytotoxicity on ARPE-19 Cells

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Human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Barcelona, Spain). ARPE-19 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/Nutrient mixture F12 (DMEM/F12, Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 5 mM HEPES buffer, 7.5% NaHCO₃, 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin and were maintained at 37 °C and 5% CO₂. Cells were used from 18 to 20 passages and cultivated in six-cell culture well plates at a starting seeding density of 2 × 10⁵ cells/cm². Two days after, cells were treated for 24 h at different EtOH (Ethanol absolute; Biosolve, Valkenswaard, The Netherlands) concentrations: 80, 200, 400 and 600 mM.

Flores-Bellver M., Bonet-Ponce L., Barcia J.M., Garcia-Verdugo J.M., Martinez-Gil N., Saez-Atienzar S., Sancho-Pelluz J., Jordan J., Galindo M.F, & Romero F.J. (2014). Autophagy and mitochondrial alterations in human retinal pigment epithelial cells induced by ethanol: implications of 4-hydroxy-nonenal. Cell Death & Disease, 5(7), e1328-.

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Microfluidic Synthesis of Liposomal Nanoparticles

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Staggered herringbone micromixer was purchased from Darwin Microfluidics (Paris, France) cat# LTF-012.00-4264. Both the aqueous and organic phases were loaded into Hamilton glass syringes obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands) and the inlet flow was controlled by two single channel syringe pumps (ProSense, Oosterhout, The Netherlands). 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3phosphocholine (DSPC) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1 0 -rac-glycerol) (DSPG) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, USA). Cholesterol was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). 1-a,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3 was purchase from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Peptides were synthesized in house by solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) using the CEM microwave-assisted automated peptide synthesizer Liberty Blue. Ethanol absolute was purchased from Biosolve (Valkenswaard, The Netherlands). Float-A-lyzers 100,000Da MWCO dialysis tubes were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Whatman Nucleopore polycarbonate track-etched membranes were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands).

Lozano Vigario F., Nagy N.A., The M.H., Sparrius R., Bouwstra J.A., Kros A., Jiskoot W., de Jong E.C, & Slütter B. (2022). The Use of a Staggered Herringbone Micromixer for the Preparation of Rigid Liposomal Formulations Allows Efficient Encapsulation of Antigen and Adjuvant. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 111(4).

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