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15 protocols using sc 5298

1

Isoliquiritigenin Platelet Activation Assay

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Isoliquiritigenin (961-29-5; the structure is listed in Figure 1A) was purchased from Weikeqi-biotech. Thrombin (T4393), ADP (A5285), PGE1 (P7527), fibrinogen (F3879), TRITC-Phalloidin (P1951), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; D2650), bovine serum albumin (BSA; B2064), and Triton X-100 (X100) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Collagen (LS001652) was purchased from Chrono-Log. Fluo 3-AM (F023-10) was purchased from Dojindo. Fluorescein-conjugated antibody to human CD62P (Clone: AK-4) and PAC-1 (Clone: PAC-1) were purchased from BD Biosciences. The antibodies for the immunoblot in this study were the following: anti-phospho-PLCγ2 (Tyr759) antibody (50535, CST), anti-phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) antibody (4370, CST), anti-ERK1/2 antibody (9194, CST), anti-phospho-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) (Thr183/Tyr185) antibody (sc-6254, Santa Cruz), anti-JNK antibody (sc-7345, Santa Cruz), anti-phospho-p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182) antibody (4511, CST), anti-p38 MAPK antibody (8690, CST), anti-phospho-Akt (Ser473) antibody (4060, CST), anti-Akt antibody (sc-5298, Santa Cruz), and anti-GAPDH (ANT011, Antegene).
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2

Immunoprecipitation of Signaling Proteins

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For immunoprecipitation assays, cell lysates were incubated with specific antibodies against MEK1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-6250, 1:100), ERK1/2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-514302, 1:100), AKT1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-5298, 1:100) or DRP1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-101270, 1:100) at 4°C overnight. After addition of Gammabind G Sepharose beads, samples were incubated at 4°C for 4 h. Beads were washed three times with cold PBS and proteins were released from the beads by boiling in SDS-sample loading buffer and analyzed by SDS-PAGE.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Apoptotic Markers

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Western blot analysis was performed on renal lysates or cell extracts using the following primary antibodies: anti-DcR2 (ab108421; Abcam), anti-FLIP (ab8421; Abcam), anti-cleaved caspase 3 (ab214430; Abcam), anti-caspase 8 (ab25901; Abcam), caspase 3 (ab184787; Abcam), anti-caspase 7 (ab255818; Abcam), anti-cleaved caspase 7 (ab256469; Abcam), Akt (sc5298, Santa Cruz), pAkt (sc135650, Santa Cruz), and anti-GAPDH (BM3876; Boster). The intensity of each band was analyzed using Quantity One software (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA).
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4

Comprehensive Antibody and Inhibitor Protocol

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Antibodies against VEGF (SC-507), focal adhesion kinase (FAK; SC-932), Src (SC-5226), Akt (SC-5298), and CD34(SC-74499) were bought from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies targeting p-FAK (3283S), p-Src (2101S), p-AKT (4060S), and CD133(64326s) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies against CD31(ab28364) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against FAK (L-003164-00), Src (L-003110-00) and Akt (L-003000-00-0005) and their respective controls were purchased from Dharmacon (Lafayette, CO, USA). We purchased VEGF shRNA plasmids from the National RNAi Core (Taipei, Taiwan). Inhibitors for FAK (869288-64-2) were from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA, USA). A VEGF ELISA kit (DY293B) was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA) and APLN ELISA (KA1681) kit was purchased from Abnova (Taipei, Taiwan). Inhibitors for Src (P0042), Akt (A6730) and all the chemicals not mentioned above were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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5

FCL Inhibits Cancer Cell Migration

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FCL (purity >98%) was purchased from Shanghai Standard Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Cell culture materials were purchased from Gibco (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). Specific antibodies against GAPDH (1:1,000, sc-25778), MMP-2 (1:500, sc-53630), MMP-9 (1:500, sc-21733), phosphorylated (p)-AKT (1:500, sc-135650) and AKT (1:500, sc-5298) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA).
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6

Murine Lung Protein Analysis Protocol

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The murine lung tissue samples were made into homogenate and centrifuged at 20,000 at 4°C for 30 min to collect total protein, and the protein concentration was determined using the bicinchoninic acid method (23225, Pierce Biotechnology, Waltham, MA, USA). Then, the protein sample was separated by 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. The membranes were incubated with the primary antibodies against SP1 (sc-420, 1:1,500, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), PTEN (MA5-12,278, 1:2,000, Thermo Fisher Scientific), AKT (sc-5298, 1:1,500, Santa Cruz), p-AKT (NB100-56749, 1:1,000, Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA) and GAPDH (ab8245, 1:2,000, Abcam) at 4°C for 16 h, and then with the secondary antibody (ab205719, 1:5,000, Abcam) at 37°C for 3 h. The protein bands were analyzed using an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) kit (PE0010, Solarbio) [31 (link)].
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7

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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RIPA buffer (pH = 8.0) including 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, 50 mM Tris-HCl and 1% NP-40 was added to the proteinase inhibitor (Roche Diagnostics, Co., Ltd., Rotkreuz, Switzerland) and used to obtain whole cell lysates. The proteins were examined using a BCA kit (Thermo Fisher) and separated by SDS-PAGE. The proteins were transferred onto PVDF membranes (0.45 µm, Millipore Corp, Billerica, MA, USA), sealed with 5% BSA for 60 min at 25°C, and hybridized at 4°C with primary antibodies to MMP2 (1:1000, MA5-14,186, Invitrogen Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA), MMP9 (1:2000, ab58803, Abcam), Bax (1:1200, sc-7480, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), PI3K (1:1,800, sc-8010, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), p-AKT (1:1,500, ab81283, Abcam), AKT (1:1,300, sc-5298, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and GAPDH (1:3,000, G8795, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) for one night. The blots were incubated with secondary antibodies for 60 min at 25°C. Finally, the protein bands were detected using an ECL kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Densitometric analysis was performed using IPP 6.0 (Image-Pro Plus 6.0).
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8

Correlation of HK2, Akt1, p-Akt1, and FN1 in SCC

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The human squamous cervical carcinoma (SCC) samples used in this study were collected at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from 2008 to 2016 as described in our previous study. The immunohistochemical staining procedure and the evaluation standard of immunohistochemistry (IHC) score were performed as previously described [18 (link)]. To validate the correlation between HK2 and Akt1, p-Akt1, FN1 expression in vivo, serial sections of human squamous cervical carcinoma samples (n = 15) were immunostained with an anti-HK2 (1:100 dilution, sc-374091, Santa Cruz, USA), anti-Akt1 (1:100 dilution, sc-5298, Santa Cruz, USA), anti-p-Akt1 (1:100 dilution, sc-293125, Santa Cruz, USA), anti-FN1 (1:300 dilution, 15613-1-AP, Wuhan, China). The immunohistochemistry (IHC) score of HK2, Akt1, p-Akt1 and FN1 in these SCC samples was confirmed by using Pearson correlation analysis.
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9

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Signaling

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Cells were prepared with lysis buffer (1% Triton X-100, 150 mmol/L NaCl, 10 mmol/L Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mmol/L EDTA, 1 mmol/L EGTA, pH 8.0, 0.2 mmol/L Na3VO4, 0.2 mmol/L phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), and 0.5% nonidet P (NP)-40). Equal amounts of protein (60–100 μg) were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE and electro-transferred on to a polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) membrane. Membranes were blocked with 5% non-fat milk in tris-buffered saline-Tween (TBST) for 2 h at room temperature and incubated with specific primary antibodies against cyclin E1 (1:500, sc-377,100, Santa Cruz), CDK1 (1: 500, ab265590, Abcam), PIK3CA (1:500, sc-293,172, Santa Cruz), AKT1 (1:500, sc-5298, Santa Cruz), p-AKT (1:500, #4060, Cell Signaling Technology), cleaved-caspase 8 (1:500, #8592P, Cell Signaling Technology), or tubulin (1:1000, ab7291, Abcam) at 4 °C overnight. The membranes were then incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibody (1:1000, Seracare) for 1 h at room temperature, following the blots were visualized using GE ImageQuant™ LAS 4000 detection system. The protein bands of interest were quantified using Quantity One software (Bio-Rad).
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10

Immunoprecipitation of Signaling Proteins

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For immunoprecipitation assays, cell lysates were incubated with specific antibodies against MEK1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-6250, 1:100), ERK1/2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-514302, 1:100), AKT1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-5298, 1:100) or DRP1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-101270, 1:100) at 4°C overnight. After addition of Gammabind G Sepharose beads, samples were incubated at 4°C for 4 h. Beads were washed three times with cold PBS and proteins were released from the beads by boiling in SDS-sample loading buffer and analyzed by SDS-PAGE.
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