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7 protocols using lecitase ultra

1

Soybean Oil Degumming with Lecitase® Ultra

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Example 15

2001.6 grams of crude soybean oil containing 641.6 ppm of phosphorus was heated to 70° C. under normal agitation utilizing an overhead mixer. 2.0 grams of 50% w/w solution of citric acid was added and sheared for 1 minute. The oil underwent normal agitation for 1 hour with an overhead mixer. The oil was allowed to cool with agitation at normal speed until the oil temperature was 45° C., then 3.31 milliliters of 4 molar sodium hydroxide solution was added to the oil and mixed. 0.10 grams of Novozymes' Lecitase® Ultra (PLA1 lipase lot number LYN05015) was added followed by a total of 60 grams of de-ionized water and the entire mixture was shear mixed for 60 seconds. The oil mixture was agitated at normal speed for 240 minutes at a temperature of 45° C. The enzyme treated oil was then centrifuged; and the separated oil and wet gums were collected. The residual phosphorus in the PLA1 at a pH of 6.5 treated oil produced a degummed oil with a residual phosphorus of 3.4 ppm. The FFA was 0.51% and DAG was 0.33%. The collected wet gums weighed 88.7 grams.

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2

Enzymatic Degumming of Soybean Oil

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Example 14

2001.2 grams of crude soybean oil containing 641.6 ppm of phosphorus was heated to 70° C. under normal agitation utilizing an overhead mixer. 2.0 grams of 50% w/w solution of citric acid was added and sheared for 1 minute. The oil underwent normal agitation for 1 hour with an overhead mixer. The oil was allowed to cool with agitation at normal speed until the oil temperature was 45° C., then 2.55 milliliters of 4 molar sodium hydroxide solution was added to the oil and mixed. 0.10 grams of Novozymes' Lecitase® Ultra (PLA1 lipase lot number LYN05015) was added followed by a total of 60 grams of de-ionized water and the entire mixture was shear mixed for 60 seconds. The oil mixture was agitated at normal speed for 240 minutes at a temperature of 45° C. The enzyme treated oil was then centrifuged; and the separated oil and wet gums were collected. The residual phosphorus in the PLA1 at a pH of 5.5 treated oil produced a degummed oil with a residual phosphorus of 1.6 ppm. The FFA was 0.54% and DAG was 0.33%. The collected wet gums weighed 91.7 grams.

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3

Enzymatic Modification of DHA-Rich Algal Oil

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Phosphatidylcholine (PC>98%), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE>80%) and phosphatidylserine (PS>50%) was purchased from Merya’s lecithin co., ltd. (Beijing, China). Refined DHA-rich algal oil from Schizochytrium sp. (DHA ≥60%) was kindly provided by Qingdao Xunon Bioengineering Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China). DHA and DHA-ME were prepared from algal oil. The 37 kinds of fatty acid methyl ester standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (Norcross, GA). Lipozyme®CALB L (from Candida antarctica, CALB), Lipozyme® TL 100 L (from Thermomyces lanuginosus, TL100), Novocor®AD L (from Candida antarctica, ADL) Novozym®51,032 (from Aspergillus oryzae, 51,032), Resinase®HT (from Aspergillus oryzae, HT), Lecitase® Ultra (from Thermomyces lanuginosus/Fusarium oxysporum, PLA1), Novozym®435 (from Candida antarctica, 435), and Lipozyme®TL IM (from Thermomyces lanuginosus, IM) were purchased from Novozymes Biotechnology Co., LTD. (Tianjin, China). The thin-layer chromatography plates coated with silica gel G were purchased from Qingdao Ocean Chemical Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China). Other chemicals and solvents applied were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) with chromatographic and analytical grade.
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4

Lipase and Phospholipase Protocols

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Soluble lipase Callera Trans L, phospholipase A1, PLA1 (Lecitase® Ultra), and lyso-phospholipase, LLPL-2 (patent WO 2001027251 A1) used in this work were from Novozymes A/S. Phospholipase C, PLC (Purifine®) was purchased from Verenium (San Diego, CA, USA). All chemicals used were from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA).
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5

Characterization of Immobilized Biocatalysts

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Lipases from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) (Lipozyme TL100L), Candida antarctica (fraction B) (CAL-B) (Lipozyme CALBL), Lecitase ultra (LECI), and Rhizomucor miehei (RML) (Palatase 20000L) and β-galactosidase Lactozym were kindly donated by Novozymes (Bagsværd, Denmark). Lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL) (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no 534730, St. Louis, MI, USA), Lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no. L1754), betagalactosidase from E. coli, geranyl-amine, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), carboxymethylcelullose (CM), 1-O-(4-nitrophenyl)-β-d-galactopyranoside (pNP-Gal), diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), trimethylamine, p-nitrophenylbutyrate (pNPB), selenometheonine, 4-azide-l-homoalanine, and l-DOPA were from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Tyrosine from A. bisporus was produced as reported [40 (link)]. 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) was acquired from Tokyo Kasei (Tokyo, Japan). SB-IDA405 Sepabeads (SP) resin was from Resindion srl (Binasco, Italy). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging was performed on a TM-1000 Hitachi (Tokio, Japan) microscope. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was obtained using a Texture Analysis Diffractometer D8 Advance Bruker (Billerica, MA, USA) with Cu Kα radiation. The spectrophotometric analyses were run on a V-730 spectrophotometer JASCO (Tokio, Japan).
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6

Synthesis of Cellulosic Derivatives

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The enzyme Lecitase Ultra (Novozymes) was donated by LNF Latino Americana Company (Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). The bleached Kraft pulp, originating from eucalyptus, was donated by Suzano (Americana, São Paulo, Brazil). Refined soybean oil was purchased at a local market. Other reagents and standards used for the synthesis and characterization of cellulosic derivatives are analytical or HPLC grade.
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7

Lipid Modification Protocol: Fatty Acid Profiling

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Analytical standards Supelco 37-component fatty acid methyl ester (FAME mix), methyl heptadecanoate (C17:0), and methyl cis-15-tetracosenoate (C24:1) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Castle Hill, Australia). Granulated soybean L-α-phosphatidylcholine PC95 (PC, purity > 95%) was obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA). Lipases, including Lipozyme TL IM (from Thermomyces lanuginose, immobilized on silica gel carrier), Novozym 435 (from Candida antartica, immobilized on a microporous acrylic resin via interfacial activation), and Phospholipase A1 (Lecitase® Ultra, from T. lanuginose/Fusarium oxysporum) were donated from Novozymes A/S (Bagsværd, Denmark). Amberlite XAD-7 HP, Amberlite XAD-2, Supelite DAX-8, and Diaion HP-20 were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich, Inc. (Castle Hill, Australia). Nervonic acid (98% purity) was purchased from Shenzhen Dieckmann Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen, China). Chromatographic grade n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol were obtained from ECP Limited, Auckland, New Zealand.
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