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10 protocols using tnf α and il 6 elisa kit

1

Investigating NF-κB Signaling Pathways

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Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and penicillin-streptomucin (100×) were obtained from Invitrogen (Calsbad, CA, USA). Fetal bovine serum was from Hyclone (Logan, UT, USA) and was heat-inactivated at 56 °C for 30 min. Antibodies against p-NFκB, NFκB, p-IκBα, IκBα, p-ERK, ERK, p-JNK, JNK, p-p38, p38 were from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA) and antibodies against β-actin and GAPDH were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). ECL reagents were from Thermo Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA). SP600125, U0126, SB203580, BAY11-7082 were purchased from Selleck (Houston, TX, USA). Fucoidin and carrageenan were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tauroursodeoxycholic acid was from Calbiochem (KGaA, Darmstadt). Lysosome-tracker, ER-tracker and fluo-3/AM were from Beyotime (Haimen, China). Cellular Ca2+ ATPase activity Kit was from Jiancheng Biotechnology (Nanjing, China). TNF-α and IL-6 ELISA kit were from Biolegend (San Diego, CA, USA).
C57BL/6 female mice, 6–8 weeks of age, were from SLAC laboratory animal company (Shanghai, China). All experiments were approved by a local ethical committee.
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2

Quantifying Cytokine Levels in Glycerol-Induced Injury

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TNF-α and IL-6 ELISA kit were purchased from Biolegend (San Diego, CA). The amounts of TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma at 24 hr after glycerol administration were measured according to the manufacturer's protocol.
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3

Antibody Sources and Autophagy Assays

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Antibodies: Antibodies were obtained from the following vendors: SIRT2 (Cell signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA D4050), LC3b-II, (Cell signaling Technology E5Q2K), p62 (Abnova, Taipei, Taiwan, 2C11), beclin-1 (Cell signaling, D40C5), total tubulin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA T6199), acetyl tubulin (Cell signaling, D20G3), GAPDH (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany, sc-322336C5); anti-mouse IgG, HRP-linked antibody (Cell signaling, 7076), anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked antibody (Cell signaling, 7074)) Alexa Fluor 488 and 555 from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA), biotinylated human SIRT2 antibody (R&D system, Minneapolis, MN, USA, BAF4358). Chemicals were purchased from the following vendors: AK-7 from TOCRIS Bioscience (Minneapolis, MN, USA), Chloroquine diphosphate (P36239, Life technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA), rapamycin, fatty-acid-free bovine serum albumin, stearic acid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). TNF-α and IL6 ELISA kit was obtained from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA), and an autophagy flux assay kit was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA).
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4

DSS-induced Colitis Amelioration by TBY-robot Therapy

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Colitis was induced by administering 3% (w/v) DSS in drinking water for 7 days. Healthy animals received drinking water without DSS. All colitis group mice were randomly divided into four groups on day 3 (n = 5) and orally administered deionized water, free 5-ASA, APs, APYs, or enteric-coated TBY-robotsI (10 mg/kg 5-ASA equivalent per mouse) every other day. Mice were evaluated daily for changes in body weight and DAI (52 (link)). On day 8, mice were intraperitoneally injected with L-012 solution (25 mg/kg; Wako Chemicals, Japan). Bioluminescence images were obtained using an in vivo imaging system. Thereafter, the colon was removed and flushed with PBS. Colon length and colon weight were measured. Small segments of the colon were taken for H&E staining. The H&E–stained sections were scored blindly using index scoring (52 (link)). Colon samples were homogenized to assess 5-ASA content by a high-performance liquid chromatography system (Shimadzu, Japan). The detection wavelength was 330 nm, and the injection volume was 10 μl for each sample. Moreover, the cytokines in the colon tissues were examined by TNF-α and IL-6 ELISA kits (BioLegend, USA).
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5

Quantifying Inflammatory Markers in Biological Samples

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The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, MCP1, and NF-κB p65 were determined using commercially available ELISA kits. The TNF-α and IL-6 ELISA kits were purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA). The MCP1 ELISA kit was purchased from Koma Biotech (Seoul, Korea) and the NF-κB p65 ELISA kit was obtained from Cayman (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). The values were expressed relative to the concentration of total protein. Total protein concentration was measured with a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay kit (Thermo Pierce Inc., Rockford, IL, USA).
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6

Griess Assay for Cytokine Quantification

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Following the Griess assay, the supernatant from cell culture experiments was harvested and then frozen to assess cytokine production within treatments. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) were evaluated using the ELISA. TNFα and IL-6 ELISA kits were purchased from Biolegend (San Diego, Ca, USA) and the TLR-2 ELISA was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). In summary, each plate was coated with primary antibody and kept at 4°C overnight. The next day the plates were washed followed by a blocking step with FBS. The plates were washed again followed by addition of samples and standards. After the allotted time, the plates were washed and detection antibody was added, followed by a wash step and the addition of HRP solution. Lastly, a final wash was completed and TMB substrate was allowed to interact with the HRP in the dark for 15 minutes. Stop solution was added and the endpoint absorbance was read at 450 nm.
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7

Antibody Characterization for HIV-1 Envelope Studies

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Anti phospho-ERK1, 2 and anti-total ERK1, 2 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and anti GAPDH was purchased from Millipore. Goat polyclonal anti-HIV-1 gp120-biotin conjugated antibody was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, United Kingdom). ATTO 488 Conjugated Goat IgG (H&L) antibody was purchased from Rockland (Gilbertsville, PA, USA). S. aureus LTA was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and D-galactosamine was purchased from Calbiochem. TNFα and IL-6 ELISA kits were purchased from Biolegend. The plasmid p96ZM651gp160-CD5-opt was obtained through the NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH: from Drs. Yingying Li, Feng Gao, and Beatrice H. Hahn. The plasmid gp41-YFP, provided by Roland Schwarzer encodes a HIV-1 gp41 fusion protein with the c-terminal external parts of the protein replaced by a Yellow Fluorescent Protein.
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8

Oxaliplatin-Induced Inflammatory Response

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Oxaliplatin was a generous gift from Astron pharmaceuticals (Ahmedabad, India). All chemicals including baicalein was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, USA unless stated otherwise. FBS was procured from Gibco (life technologies). TNF-α and IL-6 ELISA kits were purchased from BioLegend, San Diego, US.
IHC detection kit was purchased from PathnSitu Biotechnologies Pvt Ltd. India.
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9

Cytokine Quantification by ELISA

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Cytokine levels in culture supernatant were assessed by ELISA using IL-1β ELISA kit (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and IL-6 and TNF-α ELISA kit (Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA).
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10

Plasma Cytokine Quantification

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IL-6 and TNF-α ELISA kit were purchased from Biolegend (San Diego, CA). Plasma IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were determined according to the manufacturer's protocol.
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