Pioglitazone

Manufactured by Takeda Pharmaceuticals

Sourced in Japan, United States

Pioglitazone is a pharmaceutical product used for the measurement and analysis of chemical compounds. It is a key component in various laboratory equipment and instrumentation.

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Lab products found in correlation

3 hydroxybutyric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Opti mem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Dual luciferase reporter assay system, by Promega (1 mentions) Lipofectamine 3000 transfection reagent, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Onetouch glucometer, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions) Allopurinol, by GlaxoSmithKline (1 mentions) Sitagliptin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Glutamate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ly294002, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) 6 ohda, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Pioglitazone, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hplc grade methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Rodent diet 20, by PicoLab (1 mentions) Mk 0626, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

13 protocols using pioglitazone

Transfection and Luciferase Assay in 3T3-L1 Cells

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On day 7 after the induction of differentiation as stated above, the medium of 3T3-L1 cells in 12-well plates was changed to Opti-MEM (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), and the cells were transfected with luciferase reporter plasmids using Lipofectamine 3000 Transfection Reagent (Invitrogen) according to the protocol provided by the manufacturer. Transfection was performed using 2 ng CMV-Renilla (internal standard) and 100 ng reporter plasmids. The next day (day 8), the medium was changed to Krebs-Ringer Bicarbonate buffer, composed as stated above, with or without 10 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (Sigma) or 1 μM pioglitazone (Takeda, Osaka, Japan). After 24-hr incubation, luciferase reporter assays were performed using Promega Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System (Promega). Luciferase values were normalized by an internal CMV-Renilla control and expressed as relative luciferase activity.

Nishitani S., Fukuhara A., Shin J., Okuno Y., Otsuki M, & Shimomura I. (2018). Metabolomic and microarray analyses of adipose tissue of dapagliflozin-treated mice, and effects of 3-hydroxybutyrate on induction of adiponectin in adipocytes. Scientific Reports, 8, 8805.

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Pioglitazone for Parkinson's Disease

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The design of this international, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial has been reported previously.^{17 (link)} Trial leadership, committee structure, and sites are described in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org. Members of the operations committee and the statisticians designed the study. From 2005 through 2013, investigators at 179 hospitals and clinics enrolled patients and collected data. The statistical analysis was performed at the Department of Veterans Affairs Connecticut Health Care System. The first author wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All the other authors contributed revisions and vouch for the reported data. Pioglitazone and placebo tablets were donated by Takeda Pharmaceuticals International. Representatives of Takeda were provided with a copy of the protocol (available at NEJM.org) and manuscript but had no role in the development of the protocol, the conduct of the trial, the interpretation of the data, or the preparation of the manuscript. The trial was monitored by an independent data and safety monitoring board appointed by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, which funded the study. Trial operations were approved by the local ethics committee at each site. The study was conducted and reported with fidelity to the protocol.

Kernan W.N., Viscoli C.M., Furie K.L., Young L.H., Inzucchi S.E., Gorman M., Guarino P.D., Lovejoy A.M., Peduzzi P.N., Conwit R., Brass L.M., Schwartz G.G., Adams HP J.r., Berger L., Carolei A., Clark W., Coull B., Ford G.A., Kleindorfer D., O’Leary J.R., Parsons M.W., Ringleb P., Sen S., Spence J.D., Tanne D., Wang D, & Winder T.R. (2016). Pioglitazone after Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. The New England journal of medicine, 374(14), 1321-1331.

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Polydatin and Pioglitazone in db/db Mice

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Twenty-one healthy specific pathogen free female db/db leptin receptor deficient type 2 diabetic mice (abbreviated by db/db) aged 6 weeks and seven female wild type C57BL/6 mice (abbreviated by C57) aged 6 weeks were supplied by the Experimental Animal Center of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China; animal quality certification number: 201403212). The mice were adapted to the environment for 1 week and then randomly divided into 4 groups based on the weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels as follows: C57 control group (n = 7), db/db model group (n = 7), polydatin treatment group (n = 7, 100 mg/kg, dissolved in 0.5 % (w/v) CMC-Na; purity >98 %, HPLC; Zelang, Nanjing, China), and pioglitazone treatment group (n = 7, 10 mg/kg, dissolved in 0.5 % (w/v) CMC-Na; Takeda, Japan, subpackaged by Tianjin Takeda). The mice were administered by gavage 6 days every week at 9:30–10:30 am, totally for 4 weeks. We weighed the mice every day to determine the exact dose of drugs needed to be given and measured the FBG levels every other week using a One-Touch glucometer (Johnson and Johnson, USA) after starvation for 12 h. The animals were housed in a temperature-controlled (20–25 °C) and humidity-controlled (40–70 %) barrier system with 12:12 h light and dark cycle.

Wang Y., Ye J., Li J., Chen C., Huang J., Liu P, & Huang H. (2016). Polydatin ameliorates lipid and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus by downregulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Cardiovascular Diabetology, 15, 19.

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Multicomponent Dissolution Protocol

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Telmisartan: (Bohringer Ingelheim, Germany), Allopurinol: (GSK, Egypt), Pioglitazone: (Takeda, Egypt) to be dissolved in distilled water to a concentration of 1mg/ml. Fructose: Uni fructose powder (Universal Industrial Pharmaceutical Co. (UNIPHARMA -Egypt) .

Shahataa M.G., Mostafa-Hedeab G., Ali E.F., Mahdi E.A, & Mahmoud F.A. (2016). Effects of telmisartan and pioglitazone on high fructose induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 94(8).

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Antidiabetic Combination Therapy Trial

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Sitagliptin was provided by Merck & Co and pioglitazone by Takeda Pharmaceuticals. Metformin was purchased from the research pharmacy at Grady Memorial Hospital. The pharmaceutical companies were not involved in study design, subject recruitment, data analyses or writing of the manuscript.

Vellanki P., Stefanovski D., Anzola I.I., Smiley D.D., Peng L, & Umpierrez G.E. (2020). Long-term changes in carbohydrate tolerance, insulin secretion and action in African-American patients with obesity and history of hyperglycemic crises. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 8(1), e001062.

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Pharmacological Modulators in Cell Assays

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Pioglitazone obtained from Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Japan) was dissolved in DMSO and ultra-pure water (1:1) (stock solution). GW 9662, a selective PPARγ antagonist (IC₅₀ = 3.2 nM), was purchased from Cayman Chemicals Company and dissolved in DMSO. The vehicle solution consisted of DMSO and ultra-pure water. LY294002 (Cell Signaling Technology) and SH-6 (Enzo Life Sciences) were dissolved in DMSO (stock solution 10 mM) and diluted before the experiment with the culture medium. Glutamate (Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in the culture medium, and 6-OHDA (Sigma-Aldrich) in ascorbic acid (1 M) and diluted with the culture medium. All other chemicals and substances were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich or Merck.

Zhao Y., Lützen U., Gohlke P., Jiang P., Herdegen T, & Culman J. (2021). Neuroprotective and antioxidative effects of pioglitazone in brain tissue adjacent to the ischemic core are mediated by PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/ARE pathways. Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany), 99(8), 1073-1083.

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Metabolic Effects of SEFA-1024 in ob/ob Mice

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Eight-week-old male JAX ob/ob mice (Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME) were randomized (n = 8 per group) to receive daily orogastric gavage with corn oil as vehicle control, pioglitazone 30 mg/kg/d (Takeda Pharmaceuticals) or SEFA-1024 62.8, 125.6, or 251.2 mg/kg/d (NorthSea Therapeutics Inc.) dissolved in corn oil for 29 days. Animals fed ad lib on standard chow for the duration of the experiment and were weighed twice weekly. Fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and hemoglobin A1c were measured on days 1 and 29. On day 27, a glucose tolerance test was performed. Animals were fasted for 5 h and blood glucose was measured 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after 2 g/kg glucose orogastric gavage.

Secor J.D., Cho B.S., Yu L.J., Pan A., Ko V.H., Dao D.T., Feigh M., Anez-Bustillos L., Fell G.L., Fraser D.A., Gura K.M, & Puder M. (2022). Structurally-engineered fatty acid 1024 (SEFA-1024) improves diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and fatty liver disease. Lipids, 57(4-5), 241-255.

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Endotoxin-Induced Lung Inflammation

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Endotoxin (Escherichia coli O113:H10K) was obtained from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center and instilled bronchoscopically (4 ng/kg) in the right middle lobe as previously described [26 (link)]. Pioglitazone (Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 45 mg/day orally for two weeks) and zileuton (Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, 600 mg orally every six hours for five days) were given prior to endotoxin instillation, according to the schedule shown in Fig 1. Both drugs were purchased commercially and over-encapsulated to match the placebo for blinding purposes. Volunteers were enrolled into each treatment cohort sequentially with N = 6 in each group.

Chen D.L., Huang H.J., Byers D.E., Shifren A., Belikoff B., Engle J.T., Arentson E., Kemp D., Phillips S., Scherrer D.E., Fujiwara H., Spayd K.J., Brooks F.J., Pierce R.A., Castro M, & Isakow W. (2018). The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist pioglitazone and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton have no effect on lung inflammation in healthy volunteers by positron emission tomography in a single-blind placebo-controlled cohort study. PLoS ONE, 13(2), e0191783.

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Potentiometric Sensor for Alogliptin and Pioglitazone

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Pioglitazone (PIO), alogliptin (ALG), calix[8]arene, and sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (Na-TFPB), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (2-NPOE) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), sodium phosphomolybdate hydrate (PM), sodium phosphotungstate tribasic (PT), and dibutyl sebathate (DBS) were obtained from Fluka (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was obtained from (Poole, England). Methanol (HPLC grade) was obtained from Fischer Scientific (UK). Potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (analytical grade) were obtained from Oxford Laboratory (Mumbai, India). Orthophosphoric acid was obtained from El-Nasr Pharmaceutical Company (Egypt). All other reagents were of analytical grade, and bi-distilled water was used throughout the work. The pharmaceutical dosage form; Oseni® tablets (alogliptin, 25 mg/Pioglitazone, 45 mg per tablet), a product of Takeda Pharmaceuticals (USA) was purchased from the local market.

Kelani K.M., Badran O.M., Rezk M.R., Elghobashy M.R, & Eid S.M. (2021). Widening the applications of the Just-Dip-It approach: a solid contact screen-printed ion-selective electrode for the real-time assessment of pharmaceutical dissolution testing in comparison to off-line HPLC analysis. RSC Advances, 11(22), 13366-13375.

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Limb Ischemia Model in Insulin-Resistant Rats

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All experiments were conducted with the approval of the Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Alberta. Adult male Sprague–Dawley (n = 22) and obese JCR:LA-cp insulin-resistant (n = 20) rats [15 (link)] were sequentially numbered, anesthetized with isofluorane anesthesia and placed on a heated surgical table. Using sterile technique, the left common iliac artery and left superficial femoral artery were each ligated twice with 3.0 silk suture and cut between the ligatures. The skin was close in one layer with 5.0 prolene suture. After recovery, animals were randomized with allocation concealment to receive either oral pioglitazone (10 mg/kg per day; Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Deerfield, IL) or placebo. Only one technician knew the randomization key, and investigators blinded to treatment allocation completed all subsequent experiments. A separate group of Sprague–Dawley rats were used in preliminary experiments to validate the model, including in vivo and ex vivo angiography and Doppler ultrasound, as well as to validate the Tc^99m-sestamibi perfusion imaging technique. An AM glucose measurement was performed at the end of the protocol in the JCR:LA-cp rats to confirm a hyperglycemic state (Omron Healthcare, Scarborough, ON).

Dromparis P., Sutendra G., Paulin R., Proctor S., Michelakis E.D, & McMurtry M.S. (2014). Pioglitazone inhibits HIF-1α-dependent angiogenesis in rats by paracrine and direct effects on endothelial cells. Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany), 92(5), 497-507.

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