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42 protocols using dig high prime dna labeling and detection starter kit

1

Isolation and Analysis of Viral Nucleic Acids

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Before Southern or Northern blotting, cytoplasmic viral core particles were isolated from Huh7 cells 48h post-transfection as described previously26 (link). The isolated core particles were incubated with 50 U micrococcal Nuclease S7 (Fermentas) to remove the nonencapsidated viral DNA and RNA completely. Core-associated DNA and RNA were extracted from each aliquot of core particles, respectively, as described previously27 (link). For Southern blot determination of newly synthesized viral genome, extracted core-associated DNAs were treated with DpnI to remove input rcccDNA. The resulted DNAs and RNAs were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis as described in27 (link), and hybridized to a DIG-labeled random-primed probe specific for the HBV sequence. Finally, the viral DNA and RNA bands were illustrated by a horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-digoxigenin antibody using the DIG-High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit (Roche China, Shanghai).
The digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled probes for Southern and Northern blot were synthesized using the DIG-High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit (Roche), according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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2

Genome integration analysis of transformed C. magnum

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The transformants and the WT strains of C. magnum were transferred to 100 mL fresh liquid PDA and cultured for 20 d at 27°C in the dark. Genomic DNA of 40 transformants and the WT strains of C. magnum were extracted by CTAB (Sangon Biotech, China).
To analyze genome integration of the transferred genes, the hph gene was amplified using the primer pair hph-F + hph-R (Table 1) and sequenced. PCR was were performed according to the protocol described by Guo et al. with slight modifications (Guo et al., 2022 (link)). The annealing temperature of hph was 60°C. PCR amplicons were purified and sequenced by Sangon Biotech Company (Shanghai, China).
The digestion of genomic DNA from 40 transformants or WT strains with EcoRI and HindIII (NEB, Ipswich, United States), electrophoresised on 0.75% agarose, were depurated, and transferred to nylon membranes (Hybond-N+; General Electric Company, Boston, United States). In the hybridization experiments, the digoxigenin (DIG) labeled probe corresponded to 1,380 bp hph of T-DNA from plasmid pATMT1 (Figure 1), and the hph gene was amplified using the primers hph-F and hph-R. Hybridization and chemiluminescence detection of the hybridized Dig-labeled probes were performed using the DIG High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit (Roche, Germany).
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3

Transgenic Cotton Plant Identification

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Putative transgenic cotton plant lines were identified by PCR and Southern blot. Genomic DNA was extracted from tender leaves of T0 generation transgenic and wild-type plants by using Plant Genomic DNA Kit (Tiangen Biotech, China). Two pair of primers for PCR test, HMGi1 and HMGi2, were shown in Table 1 and designed according to target fragments, producing a 455bp product for HMGi1 and a 874bp product for HMGi2. For Southern blot, 20 μg genomic DNA was digested with Hind III-HF for 72 hours and then was separated on 0.8 % agarose gel by electrophoresis. Separated DNA was blotted onto Hybond-N+ nylon membranes (Amersham-Pharmacia, USA) and incubated at 80°C for 2 h in an oven. 100 ng PCR product of NPTII was labeled with Digoxin by using DIG high prime DNA labeling and detection starter kit (Roche, Germany).
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4

Plasmid-based oqxAB detection protocol

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Southern hybridizations were used to test for the plasmid location of oqxAB, according to the procedures as described previously [19 (link)]. Plasmid DNA from E. coli was extracted using a Plasmid Midi Kit (QIAGEN, Valencia, CA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Plasmid DNA bands were then transferred and cross-linked onto a nylon membrane and were hybridised with digoxigenin (DIG) labeled oqxAB probes using the DIG high prime DNA labeling and detection starter kit (Roche, Mannheim, Germany).
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5

Mutagenesis of Cordyceps militaris

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A random T-DNA insertion library of C. militaris JM4 was constructed by ATMT method as described previously, with A. tumefaciens strain AGL-1 carrying the binary vector pATMT1 with hyg gene under Aspergillus nidulans trpC promoter [4 (link)]. Mutants with altered characters in in vitro and in vivo fruiting body production, and cordycepin formation were screened. The copy number of T-DNA in transformants was determined by Southern analysis using a PCR-amplified digoxigenin-labeled hyg gene probe, and DIG High Prime DNA labeling and Detection Starter Kit (Roche, Basel, Switzerland).
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6

Plasmid-Borne Antibiotic Resistance Gene Validation

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The location of blaNDM-1, blaCTX-M-3, and blaCTX-M-14 on the plasmids was validated by S1-PFGE and southern blotting. Briefly, the isolates were embedded in 10 g/L Seakem Gold gel, digested with endonuclease S1 nuclease (TakaRa, Dalian, China), and subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (Parameters: 14°C, voltage 6 V/cm, electric field angle 120°, conversion time 2.16–63.8 s, and electrophoresis 16 h). The DNA fragments were transferred horizontally to a nylon membrane (Millipore, USA), and hybridized with three digoxin-labeled probes obtained by PCR amplification (Yu et al., 2002 (link)) and the Dig High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit (Roche Diagnostics). The genomic DNA of Salmonella enterica serovar Braenderup H9812 strain cut with XbaI was used as the DNA marker.
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7

Molecular Analysis of MoVRP1 Gene

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The standard Southern blot protocol was used as described74 . Probe labeling, hybridization and detection were preformed according to the manual of DIG High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit (Roche Applied Science, Penzberg, Germany). Total RNA was isolated from fresh mycelia using the RNA extraction kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and semi-quantitative RT-PCR was carried out to confirm the deletion and reintroduction of the MoVRP1 gene were performed as described40 (link).
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8

Genetic Manipulation of MoWHI2 and MoPSR1

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To construct MoWHI2 knockout vector, the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and the 3′ UTR of MoWHI2 were cloned with primers Whi2‐5F/5R and Whi2‐3F/3R (Table S1), then ligated into PstI/HindIII and EcoRI/KpnI sites of pFGL821 (Addgene 58223) with a hygromycin resistance gene, respectively. The resultant knockout vector pFGL821‐koMoWHI2 was transformed into the WT strain by Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation (ATMT). The candidate disruptants ∆Mowhi2 were verified with PCR assay and further Southern blot assay with a DIG‐High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit (Roche). To generate the complemented strains Mowhi2c, a genomic gene sequence driven by the MoWHI2 native promoter was amplified and ligated into XmaI/HindIII‐digested pFGL822 (Addgene 58225) with a glufosinate ammonium resistance gene. The complemented construct was transformed into the ∆Mowhi2 strain. To complement the ∆Mowhi2 strain with ScWHI2, ScWHI2 was cloned with primers Whi2‐y‐f/r driven by the ScWHI2 native promoter amplified with primers Whi2‐y‐5f/5r and introduced into the ∆Mowhi2 strain. We used the same principle to construct a knockout vector of MoPSR1 pFGL820 (Addgene 58221)‐koMoPSR1 and obtained the corresponding knockout mutant ∆Mopsr1 and complemented strains Mopsr1c. The primers used in this study are listed in Table S1.
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9

Intracellular HBV Core-Associated DNA Detection

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The method for the extraction and detection of intracellular HBV core-associated DNA was conducted as described previously (Chen et al., 2018 (link)). Briefly, the intracellular HBV core-associated DNA was extracted through a sucrose density gradient and purified by phenol/chloroform, then the extracted viral DNA was electrophoresed on 1.0% agarose gels and transferred into nylon membranes (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). After immobilization on the membranes, the viral DNA was detected by using the DIG high prime DNA labeling and detection starter kit (Roche Diagnostics). For the assessment of the HBV core-associated DNA levels by real-time PCR was conducted as previously described (Hu et al., 2018 (link)).
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10

Fungal DNA Extraction and Transcriptional Analysis

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Fungal genomic DNA was extracted as described by Damm et al. (2008) (link). Southern blotting was preformed according to the manufacturer’s instructions of a DIG High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit (Roche Applied Science, Penzberg, Germany). Total RNA was isolated using an RNA extraction kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, United States). Semiquantitative RT-PCR was performed as described by Huang et al. (2017) (link).
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