Alginic acid sodium salt from brown algae

All chemicals used were reagent-grade and used as purchased without further purification. Fmoc–Lys–Fmoc–OH amino acid (C₃₆H₃₄N₂O₆, M_w = 590.66 g/mol), 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5] undecane (U) (purity 98%), itaconic anhydride (ITA) (purity 98%), and 2,20-Azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) (purity 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Fmoc-Gly-Gly-Gly-OH tripeptide (C₂₁H₂₁N₃O₆, Mw = 411.41 g/mol) was obtained from Bachem (Bubendorf, Switzerland). Alginic acid sodium salt from brown algae was supplied by Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Sodium phosphate buffer (PBS, pH 7.4, 0.01 M) was prepared using monosodium phosphate (NaH₂PO₄ × 2H₂O) and disodium phosphate (Na₂H₂PO₄ × 7H₂O) via standard protocol. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was acquired from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) high glucose (4500 mg/L glucose with L-glutamate and pyruvate), fetal bovine serum (FBS), antibiotics mixture (penicilin-streptomycin-neomycin mixture-P/S/N ≈5000 units penicilin, 5mg streptomycin, 10 mg neomycin/mL), and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany), while the nutrient mixture HAM-F12 was purchased from Biological Industries, Beit-Haemek, Israel. The water used in the experiments was purified using an Ultra Clear TWF UV System.

Alginic acid sodium salt from brown algae was purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). CaCl₂ and potassium hydroxide (KOH) were provided by Sigma–Aldrich. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol were supplied by VWR International (Rosny-sous-Bois, France). Deionized water was used in hydrogel preparation and measurements.

Alginic acid sodium salt from brown algae was purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) was provided by Merck, Burlington, MA, USA). Copper chloride (CuCl₂), and iron III chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Strontium chloride hexahydrate (SrCl₂·6H₂O) was provided by Strem Chemicals, Newburyport, MA, USA. Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) was provided by Honeywell, Seelze, Germany. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), 37% (v/v), was supplied by VWR International (Rosny-sous-Bois, France). Deionized water was used in preparation and testing of hydrogels.