Nitric acid (HNO3, 65.0%) was of ultrapure quality (Merck, Munchen, Germany). Analytical-grade ammonium carbonate ([NH4]2CO3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium chloride (NaCl), ethanol (C2H5OH), acetone (CH3COCH3), n-hexane (C6H14), chloroform (CHCl3), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were all purchased from Beijing Chemical Reagent Co. (Beijing, China). Tris was purchased from Roche Diagnostics Gmbh (Berlin, Germany). Purified pepsin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich, USA). Deionized water (18.2 MΩ) was produced using a Millipore ultrapure water system (Millipore, Bedford, USA). The total arsenic standard solution (100.0 µg ml-1), dimethyl arsenic (DMA), monomethyl arsenic (MMA), arsenate [As(V)], arsenobetaine (AsB), and arsenocholine (AsC) standard solution were purchased from National Standard Material Research Center (Beijing, China). The arsenate [As(III)] standard solution was purchased from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Gaithersburg, USA). Standard working solutions of AsB, As(III), DMA, AsC, MMA, and As(V) were prepared by diluting stock solutions immediately before use. The internal standard solution containing germanium (m/z = 74, 100.0 µg ml-1) was purchased from Agilent (Agilent Technologies, Folsom, CA, USA).
Ultrapure water system
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
The Ultrapure water system is a laboratory equipment designed to produce high-quality, contaminant-free water for various applications in research and analytical settings. It utilizes advanced purification techniques to remove a wide range of impurities, resulting in water that meets strict purity standards.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (8 mentions)
Formic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (6 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Triton x 100 bp 151, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Tianjin Damao (3 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Xilong (3 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Xilong (3 mentions)
Sodium acetate, by Xilong (3 mentions)
Malic acid, by Xilong (3 mentions)
Oxalic acid, by Xilong (3 mentions)
Citric acid, by Xilong (3 mentions)
Poly ethylene glycol diacrylate pegda, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ethanol, by Sinopharm (2 mentions)
Streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Mtx d3, by LGC (2 mentions)
63 protocols using ultrapure water system
1
Speciation Analysis of Arsenic
2
Chromatographic Analysis of Bioactive Compounds
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Methanol (chromatographic grade) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Shanghai, China). Deionized water used for chromatographic analysis was produced using an ultrapure water system (Millipore, USA). Chemical standards of gallic acid, corilagin, chebulagic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, and vitamin C were provided by Chroma-Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Other analytical grade reagents were supplied by Chron Chemicals Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China).
3
Synthesis and Functionalization of Nanomaterials
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Ethanol, hydrazine hydrate (N2H4), sodium bicarbonate (Na2CO3), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid, hydrochloride acid (HCl), ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O), and ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O) were all purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (China). Silver nitrate (AgNO3), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP, MW ~55 kDa), cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), ascorbic acid (AA), gold(III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxy-succinamide (NHS), hydroiodic acid (HI), and gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (United States). Natural graphite was obtained from XFNANO Co., Ltd. (China). All chemicals except N2H4 were of analytical grade and used as received without further purification. Deionized (DI) water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm was used in all experiments, which was produced by a Millipore ultrapure water system (United States).
4
Osteogenic Evaluation of PCL-PLLA Scaffolds
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Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) (MW: 80,000) and poly(l-lactic acid (PLLA) (1.93 dL/g of inherent viscosity) were purchased from Daigang Biomaterials, Inc. (Jinan, China). Dulbcco’s modified eagle’s medium/nutrient mixture F-12 (DMEM/F-12), fetal bovine serum), penicillin, streptomycin, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were obtained from Gibco (Grand Island, USA). The protein quantification (BCA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) kits were produced from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). The kits used in the qPCR experiments were all from the HieffTM series products from Yeasen biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The primers were designed from the NCBI database and then synthesized by a Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats used in this study were purchased from SLAC Laboratory Animal, Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The experimental water was filtered through a Millipore ultrapure water system with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ-cm. Other laboratory reagents were obtained from Aladdin Chemistry, Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) without special notification.
5
Phytochemical Analysis of Citrus Flavonoids
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2-Mercaptoethanol, LC grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). EDTA, NaCl, HCl were of analytical reagent and manufactured by Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China). Tris–base and Agarose were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (MO, Missouri, USA). 2 × Taq PCR Mix was obtained from Aidlab Biotechnologies Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). LC-MS grade formic acid was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific Company China Branch (Shanghai, China). Analytical grade methanol was obtained from Guangzhou Chemical Reagent (Guangzhou, China). Deionized water (18 MΩ) was purified by a Mill-Q ultrapure water system (Millipore, USA). Reference compounds nobiletin, tangeretin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone, rutin, eriocitrin and hesperetin were obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Co, Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
6
Cathode Active Material Recovery from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries
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Levulinic acid (>98%), nitric acid (68–70%), hydrochloric acid (36.5–38%), sulfuric acid (95–98%), sodium hydroxide (98.8%), and potassium carbonate (99%) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). MSA (>98%) was provided by Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA). All water used was with ultrapure grade, which was obtained from a Millipore ultrapure water system. All reagents were used as supplied without any further purification.
The spent LIBs were collected from the university campus by the Office of Environmental Health & Safety of University at Albany, SUNY and offered to us. To acquire CAMs, the spent LIBs were first discharged by soaking in a 5 wt% K2CO3 solution for 24 h, followed by manual dismantling to remove plastics and steel cases. The cathode aluminum (Al) foils were separated and cut into small pieces, which were then immersed in a 10 wt% NaOH solution for 5 h under mild stirring to separate CAMs and Al foils. The wet CAM residues were collected and rinsed by water, followed by calcination at 610 °C for 5 h in a muffle furnace to remove impurities (e.g., carbon black and PVDF binder) [21 ,38 ,39 ]. The obtained CAMs were ground using a mortar and pestle and screened with a 63 μm sieve. The powders smaller than 63 μm (Fig. S1) were collected for following experiments.
The spent LIBs were collected from the university campus by the Office of Environmental Health & Safety of University at Albany, SUNY and offered to us. To acquire CAMs, the spent LIBs were first discharged by soaking in a 5 wt% K2CO3 solution for 24 h, followed by manual dismantling to remove plastics and steel cases. The cathode aluminum (Al) foils were separated and cut into small pieces, which were then immersed in a 10 wt% NaOH solution for 5 h under mild stirring to separate CAMs and Al foils. The wet CAM residues were collected and rinsed by water, followed by calcination at 610 °C for 5 h in a muffle furnace to remove impurities (e.g., carbon black and PVDF binder) [21 ,38 ,39 ]. The obtained CAMs were ground using a mortar and pestle and screened with a 63 μm sieve. The powders smaller than 63 μm (Fig. S1) were collected for following experiments.
7
Protein Extraction and Characterization Protocol
8
Sensitive Bioanalysis of Methotrexate and Metabolites
9
Soil Column Study of AgNP Mobility
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The AgNP-spiked soil that was added to the columns (as layer 1) was prepared by diluting the AgNP stock solution to get a net concentration of 50 μg kg−1 with an average particle size equal to ± 60 nm. Milli-Q water (MQW) produced by an Ultrapure Water system from Millipore (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) was used for diluting AgNP spikes, collecting AgNP samples and preparing all other additional chemicals. The AgNP-spiked solutions (in volumes equal to 1 PV) were mixed with the dry-sieved soil (± 400 g) for soil layer 1 which was then saturated to match the saturation of the other soil layers in the column. As previously noted, the soil spiked with AgNPs was added as the top soil layer (layer 1) for each column. After the addition of this layer, the columns were left in the dark to equilibrate for 24 h.
10
Functionalized Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
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All DNA oligomers were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies (Coralville, IA, USA), including oligomers with 5′ acrydite groups for incorporation into the gel matrix (see Table S3 for all DNA sequences). dATP (R0141), dGTP (R0161), and dCTP (R0151) were purchased as 100 mM stock solutions from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Alexa Fluor aha dUTP (A32763), SYBR Gold nucleic acid stain (S11494), and Triton X-100 (BP-151) were also purchased from Thermo Fisher. Tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED, T9281), ammonium persulfate (APS, A3678), 3-(trimethoxylsilyl)propyl methacrylate (440159), dichlorodimethylsilane (440272), and 30%T/3.3%C acrylamide/bis-acrylamide (29:1) (A3574) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). N-[3-[(3-Benzoylphenyl)formamido]propyl] methacrylamide (BPMAC) was custom synthesized by Pharm-Agra Laboratories (Brevard, NC, USA). De-ionized water (18.2 MΩ) was obtained using an Ultrapure water system from Millipore. TE and TBE buffers were prepared according to standard protocols.37
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