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162 protocols using aperio cs2

1

Histological Analysis of Liver Tissue

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Liver tissues were embedded in paraffin, sliced in 5 μm sections and deparaffinized with Xylene. For H&E stainings sections were rehydrated, washed with PBS and counterstained with Harris Hematoxylin (1:10 Roth, Newport Beach, CA, USA) before being rinsed with acid water followed by 10 min wash with tap water. Sections were incubated with eosin for 5 min, shortly rinsed, dehydrated and mounted with DPX mounting medium (Sigma-Aldrich, Belgium). For Collagen 4 staining, sections were rehydrated, washed with PBS-0.05%Tween (PBST) and endogenous peroxidase was quenched with 3% H2O2 in methanol. Samples were washed three times with PBST for 5 min and incubated with 2% BSA-PBS for 1 h at room temperature. Col4 antibody (2 μg/ml, ab6586, Abcam, UK) was dissolved in 1% BSA-PBS and incubated overnight at 4°C. Sections were washed and incubated with Dako EnVision+ System- HRP Labeled Poly (K4003, Dako, Denmark) for 30 min at room temperature. Sections were washed with PBST, incubated with DAB substrate for 3 min at room temperature. Finally, samples were rinsed, counterstained with Harris Hematoxylin (1:10) and mounted with DPX mounting medium (Sigma-Aldrich, Belgium) and imaged visualized with Leica Aperio CS2 (Leica, The Netherlands). Quantification was performed with Orbit image analysis (31 (link)).
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2

Uterine Response to Tamoxifen and SCR-6852

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Female SD rats at 3 weeks of age with bodyweights ranging from 62.3 to 82.3 g were randomized into three groups of 8 animals each and treated with vehicle, tamoxifen (60 mg/kg), or SCR-6852 (10 mg/kg) by oral gavage once daily for three consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the final dose, all animals were euthanized. Body weights and wet uterine weights were recorded for each animal. Fresh uterine tissue from each rat was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, dehydrated by HistoCore PEARL (Leica), and embedded by HistoCore Arcadia H + HistoCore Arcadia C (Leica). Sections were cut at 4 μm and stained with 0.1% toluidine blue O. The thickness of endometrial epithelium was measured using Leica Aperio CS2 with ImageScope × 64 program (Leica). The mean of five measurements per specimen was calculated.
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3

TUNEL Staining for Apoptosis Detection

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TUNEL staining was conducted using the ApopTag kit (Oncor, Purchase, NY, United States). Paraffin sections were dewaxed and repaired with proteinase K and then incubated with TdT enzyme and d UTP for 2 h at 37°C while nuclei were stained with DAPI. Images were scanned and analyzed using Aperio CS2, Leica.
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Colon Cancer Tissue

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Processing and immunohistostaining for human colon cancer and matched normal tissue were performed by The Pathology Core Laboratory at Tulane University Health Sciences Center (http://medicine.tulane.edu/departments/pathologylaboratorymedicine/research/histology-laboratory) as described previously [45 (link), 49 (link)]. Heat-induced epitope retrieval was performed on tissue sections using Decloaker solution (BioCare Medical, Pacheco, CA) and cooked in an Oster steamer for 40 min. Sections were blocked using Block M (BioCare Medical) followed by incubation with the following antibody: ATGL (1 h) (Abcam). Following washing, tissue sections were incubated with Rabbit HRP-Polymer secondary (BioCare Medical); sections were then washed and treated with Betazoid DAB chromogen (Biocare Medical) followed by counterstaining with Cat hematoxylin. Slides were dried in the oven, placed in xylene, and coverslipped (Acrymount) (Statlab, McKinney, TX). Images were obtained using the slide scanner Aperio CS2 (Leica) and Image Scope software. Images were quantified utilizing ImageJ by performing spectrum deconvolution for separation of DAB (diaminobenzidine) color spectra. The DAB image was then analyzed pixel by pixel for immunohistochemistry scoring analysis.
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5

Histological and Immunofluorescence Analysis of Spleen, Liver, and Intestine

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For histological assessment, the spleen, liver, and intestine were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Three micrometer sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The entire images were captured by APERIO CS2 (Leica, Germany). For immunofluorescence staining, the spleens were frozen in OCT and cut into 8 μm sections. After being fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature (RT) for 10 min, the sections were treated Blocking Solution (Beyotime, China) at RT for 1 h. Then, the samples were probed with the primary antibody Anti-F4/80 (1:150, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) at 4 °C overnight, then incubated with the secondary antibody DyLight 550 donkey anti-rat IgG (H + L) Cross Adsorbed (1:500, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) at RT for 1 h. Cell apoptosis was detected using TUNEL staining kit (KeyGEN BioTECH, Nanjing, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The fluorescence was observed by confocal microscopy. The apoptotic cells of macrophages were quantitatively analyzed (apoptotic cells/F4/80+ area) by software ImageJ.
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6

Image Acquisition and Processing

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Images of the stained sections were captured using a scanner (Aperio CS2, Leica). Selected images were further processed in Adobe Photoshop CS5, including image cropping, brightness adjustment and picture placement and anatomical annotation.
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7

Brain Section Visualization and Annotation

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Panoramic images of the brain sections were captured with the ScanScope Virtual Slides (AperioCS2, Leica, Heidelberg, Germany) and upright brightfield and fluorescence cytometers (Tissue FAXS PLUS, Tissue Gnostics, Vienna, Austria). Images were further processed using Adobe Illustrator CC 2018 software. Established the stereotaxic coordinates that contained the reference of bregma, labeled the primary structures and boundaries, and converted them to 300 dpi images in PDF (Figures 2, 3 and Supplementary materials 17; Paxinos and Watson, 2007 ; Ramachandra and Subramanian, 2011 ).
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8

Paraffin Tissue Preparation and Imaging

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Paraffin sections were cut 5 μm thick, collected on Superfrost Plus Gold slides (Fisher Scientific), air-dried overnight, and baked for 1 hour at 60°C. Sections were processed for RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) with the RNAScope Detection Kit (Chromogenic) according to the manufacturer’s standard protocol (Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Hayward, CA) or as in a previous study [26 (link)]. Slide images were acquired using a Leica Aperio CS2 digital scanner and captured at 40x magnification with a resolution of 0.25 μm per pixel. For immunohistochemistry (IHC), sections were incubated with primary antibodies (1:500 dilution) at 4°C overnight as described in S1 Method. Following five washes, they were incubated with secondary antibodies (goat anti-mouse antibody Alexa Fluor 488; 1:500 dilution) for overnight. After five additional washes, they were coverslipped and imaged with a confocal laser scanning microscope (TCP SP2; Leica) or EVOS FL Auto Imaging System (ThermoFisher) at room temperature.
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9

Histology and Immunohistochemistry Analysis of Spinal Cord Injury

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For histology and immunohistochemistry, 30 days after cell transplantation the rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate, prior to intracardiac perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA, Sigma). After incubation in 30% sucrose, samples were embedded in a tissue freezing medium. Non-fixed tissue was used for RT-PCR. Twenty micrometer transverse tissue sections, obtained with a Microm HM 560 Cryostat, were stained with Azur-eosin for visualizing tissues. Images were captured using a × 20 objective lens and a microscope (APERIOCS2, Leica). The cross-sectional areas of the spared tissue and abnormal cavities were measured on transverse sections of the spinal cord within the midpoint of the lesion center (the epicenter) and in spinal segments 1–5 mm rostral and caudal to the site of injury. The total area of abnormal cavities in the spinal cord cross-section was calculated by adding cavities with an area of not less than 1.500 μm2. An Aperio imagescope was used to measure the tissue area.
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10

Chondrogenesis Evaluation in Tissue Sections

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After 14 and 28 d, samples were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 5-μm sections. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for general histology, and Alcian blue and Safranin O staining were performed to evaluate chondrogenesis. Expressions of type II collagen (COL II), type I collagen (COL I), and aggrecan were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Paraffin‐embedded sections were deparaffinized and dehydrated. Primary antibodies were incubated overnight in 4 °C. The SABC immunohistochemical kit (SA1020, Boster, Wuhan, China) was used and DAB (AR1022, Boster, Wuhan, China) was used as the chromonogen. Stained sections were scanned using a digital pathological scanning system (Aperio CS2, Leica, Germany) at 200 magnification.
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