The particle size, polydispersity indexes (PDIs) and the zeta potential were measured using a Zetasizer Pro (Malvern Panalytical Inc., Malvern, UK). Free (non-encapsulated) dye was separated from nanoencapsulated dye using an ultrafiltration method (Millipore Amicon Ultra-15). Total and free dye concentrations were measured by Cytation 5 (Agilent Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA). The encapsulation efficiency of dyes in the NPs was calculated using the following equation: Encapsulation efficiency = (Concentration of total dye−Concentration of free dye)/Concentration of total dye × 100%.
Zetasizer pro
Manufactured by Malvern Panalytical
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States
The Zetasizer Pro is a versatile lab instrument designed for particle and molecular size analysis. It uses light scattering techniques to determine the size, size distribution, and zeta potential of samples in liquid suspensions. The Zetasizer Pro provides accurate and reliable measurements for a wide range of materials, from nanomaterials to macromolecules.
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Lab products found in correlation
Zetasizer nano z, by Malvern Panalytical (4 mentions)
Evolution 350 spectrophotometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Spark plate reader, by Tecan (2 mentions)
Talos transmission electron microscope, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Fei vitrobot mark 4, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Dspe peg2000, by Avanti Polar Lipids (2 mentions)
Dts1070, by Malvern Panalytical (2 mentions)
Cm120, by Philips (2 mentions)
Amicon ultra 15, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cytation 5, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Nanoassemblr benchtop, by Precision Nanosystems (1 mentions)
H 7650 electron microscope, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Zen0040 cuvette, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Infinite m plex, by Tecan (1 mentions)
Bca protein assay kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Tecnai 10 transmission electron microscope, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dts0012, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Cu 300 tem grids, by Agar Scientific (1 mentions)
Dd2 nmr spectrometer, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Dawn heleos 2, by Wyatt Technology (1 mentions)
94 protocols using zetasizer pro
1
Nanoparticle Characterization and Encapsulation Efficiency
2
Preparation and Characterization of PEGylated Liposomes
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In the preparation using the bulk mixing post-insertion method, KK-(EK)4-lipid micelles (6 mol%) were incubated with PEGylated liposomes for 1 h at 60 °C. In the preparation using the microfluidic post-insertion method, the heat block of NanoAssemblr Benchtop (Precision NanoSystems Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada) was set at 60 °C, and PEGylated liposomes and 6 mol% KK-(EK)4-lipid micelles were mixed at a total flow rate (TFR) of 1 mL and a flow rate ratio (FRR) of 1:1 onto the microfluidic chip as previously described (Sugimoto et al., 2022 (link)). After reaching room temperature, the isotonic properties of the liposomes were adjusted by the addition of 10 × phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), and the samples were filtered through a 0.45-μm filter. The physicochemical properties of the samples were measured using a Zetasizer Nano ZS and a Zetasizer Pro (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK).
3
Antibody-Functionalized PLGA Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery
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NPs were prepared using a high-energy emulsification method using a PLGA polymer with a glycolic acid: lactic acid ratio 75:25 and a molecular weight of 7–14 kDa. Briefly, 75 mg of PLGA polymer and 6.6 mg of ITZ and 7.5 mg of tocopherol were dissolved in 5 mL of ethyl acetate (organic phase) and then poured 10 mL 1% Kolliphor® P188 in citrate buffer pH 5.
The NPs were functionalized by covalent coupling of the antibodies using the carbodiimide method. First, the carboxyl groups from the outermost NPs surface were activated by reaction with 4:1 EDC (400 mM):NHS (100 mM), followed by the anti-F4/80 (ab100790) polyclonal antibody with a 1:10 antibody: NPs ratio in PBS pH 6.5 for 2 h at 4 °C [31 (link)]. The functionalized NPs were characterized by changes in the size and ζ-potential obtained by DLS and ELS. The measures were taken in a Zetasizer-Pro (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK), at 25 °C 160 after adequate aqueous dilution by triplicate. The NPs were formed and functionalized based on our recent report [32 (link)].
The NPs were functionalized by covalent coupling of the antibodies using the carbodiimide method. First, the carboxyl groups from the outermost NPs surface were activated by reaction with 4:1 EDC (400 mM):NHS (100 mM), followed by the anti-F4/80 (ab100790) polyclonal antibody with a 1:10 antibody: NPs ratio in PBS pH 6.5 for 2 h at 4 °C [31 (link)]. The functionalized NPs were characterized by changes in the size and ζ-potential obtained by DLS and ELS. The measures were taken in a Zetasizer-Pro (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK), at 25 °C 160 after adequate aqueous dilution by triplicate. The NPs were formed and functionalized based on our recent report [32 (link)].
4
Characterization of Nanoparticle Optical Properties
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were acquired using the Hitachi H-7650 electron microscope. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was performed on a Malvern Zetasizer Pro (Mastersizer 3000) to determine the hydrodynamic size and zeta potential. The optical properties of nanoparticles were recorded by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis, UV-2600) from 200 to 900 nm. The extinction coefficient of MDPMH was investigated with different concentrations (0.05 × 10−4, 0.1 × 10−4, 0.2 × 10−4, 0.4 × 10−4, and 0.8 × 10−4 mol l−1).
5
Dynamic Light Scattering of Ascorbate
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DLS experiments were performed using a Malvern Panalytical Zetasizer Pro at 25 °C, using a laser wavelength of 632.8 nm. The refractive indices of ASC and ASCb were determined to be 1.3327 using an Abbe Mark III refractometer (Reichart). The absorbance value of ASC and ASCb at 632.8 nm was 0.1089. ASC and ASCb samples were prepared at a concentration of ∼700 μM by weight in HPLC-grade water at pH 3.8. Sample concentration was accurately measured prior to each experimental run by absorbance at 280 nm for both ASC and ASCb. Samples were placed in a ZEN0040 cuvette (Malvern Panalytical) for small volumes and equilibrated for 2 min at 25 °C prior to each measurement. Measurements were taken at 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 10 h, 14 h, 16 h, 19 h, 23 h, 26 h, 31 h, 32 h, 44 h, 46 h, and 49 h after sample preparation. Photon counts of the scattered light versus time are fitted to correlation functions by the ZS Xplorer software, from which the size distribution and polydispersity values are obtained. Three measurements of the scattered light were taken at each time point, and the resulting data were plotted and analyzed with QtGrace (QTGroup, Helsinki, Finland).
6
Evaluating Zeta Potential of Yeast Cell Walls
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The electrophoretic mobility measurement and conversion to ζ-potential were made using the ZetaSizer Pro (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK) following the methodology of Ramales-Valderrama et al. (12 (link)). All determinations were done at room temperature by diluting 500 μL of the YCW suspension (0.05% w/v) in 5 ml deionized water. Quintuplicates were evaluated, and each measurement included 30 runs to find a stable reading. Samples were evaluated at three different pH values simulating the poultry gastrointestinal tract's in vivo conditions (proventriculus, pH 2; crop, pH 5; and intestine, pH 7).
7
Dynamic Light Scattering Analysis of Proteins
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Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements were performed at room temperature (RT) using a Zetasizer Pro (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK). All the protein solutions used were syringe filtered by using Minisart 0.2 μm syringe filters (Sartorius, Göttingen, Germany). Stock samples of individual proteins (tES, tES-HRP, and HRP) at final concentrations of 1 mg/mL were prepared in 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0. The protein concentrations were optimized in preliminary experiments to obtain reliable measurements. The ZS Xplorer software suite (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK) was used to analyze the acquired correlation function and to derive the translational diffusion coefficient (D). Assuming particle sphericity, the hydrodynamic diameter (dH) of the diffusing particles was calculated using the Stokes–Einstein equation: dH = kT/3πηD where k is Boltzmann’s constant, T is the absolute temperature, and η is the viscosity of the solvent.
8
Zeta Potential Measurements of Particles
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Zeta potential (ζ) measurements were performed on a Zatasizer (Zetasizer Pro, Malvern Panalytical Co. Ltd., Malvern, UK) in DTS1070 cells, at 25 °C. The ζ values were measured in a mixed mode, using phase analysis light scattering (M3-PALS). Samples were diluted at 1:100 with Milli-Q water. The measurement was repeated 3 times, and values are presented as the mean ± SD.
9
Polymer Hydrodynamic Characterization
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The obtained polymer was dissolved in 1 mM Na2HPO4 (pH 7.4) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The hydrodynamic diameter was measured using with dynamic light scattering (DLS). ζ-potential was measured using laser-Doppler electrophoresis (ZetasizerPro, Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Malvern, UK).
10
Exosomal Nanoparticle Characterization
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The particle size, PDI, and ζ-potential of exosomal samples were determined with a Zetasizer Pro (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, Worcestershire, UK). The protein concentration of the RAW-Exos in suspension was measured using a Micro bicinchoninic acid (BCA) Protein Assay Kit (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction. Absorbance was measured at 562 nm using a microplate reader (Tecan Infinite M Plex, Tecan Japan, Kanagawa, Japan).
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