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Puromycin

Manufactured by Mirus Bio

Puromycin is a laboratory reagent used for the selection and maintenance of cells that have been genetically modified. It functions by inhibiting protein synthesis, leading to the death of cells that do not express the puromycin resistance gene. This allows for the selective growth of cells that have been successfully transfected or transduced with the gene of interest.

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7 protocols using puromycin

1

Puromycin Selection of Transfected Cells

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After the 72 h transfection period in 2250 μl in six-well plates, MCF10A cells were treated with an additional 750 μl of medium containing 3 μM puromycin (Mirus Bio 5940), achieving a final concentration of 1 μM (0.5 μg/ml) puromycin and final volume of 3 ml (54–55 (link),71 (link),73 (link)). Cells were incubated 1 h at 37°C, then washed with cold 1× PBS. Protein was isolated and analyzed as above.
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2

Tracking Cell Proliferation with IncuCyte

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All cell lines were transduced with IncuCyte NucLight Red lentivirus reagent (EF-1 Alpha promoter, puromycin selection) (Cat # 4476, Sartorius, Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Briefly, cells were seeded and allowed to adhere for 24 h to reach approximately 20%–40% confluence. NucLight reagent was diluted in DMEM containing 8 μg/mL polybrene (Cat # sc-134220, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX) and added to cells for 48 h. Media was then replaced with fresh DMEM containing 3 μg/mL puromycin (Cat # MIR 5940, Mirus Bio, Madison, WI). Red fluorescence was monitored on the IncuCyte ZOOM system (Sartorius, Ann Arbor, MI), and analyzed using the IncuCyte image analysis software (Sartorius, Ann Arbor, MI). Similarly, shPHGDH cells were generated using lentiviral transduction particles (shPHGDH_1, TRCN0000028520, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; shPHGDH_2, TRCN0000233033, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). shGFP vectors were utilized as transduction controls. Knockdown of PHGDH was validated using the Wes Automated Western Blotting System (ProteinSimple, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN), which uses automated capillary technology to measure protein expression and total protein concentration, per manufacturer’s protocol.
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3

CD34+ Cell Lentiviral Transduction

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Fresh healthy bone marrow samples were purchased from Lonza (1M-105, Lonza). Whole bone marrow was incubated with ammonium chloride (07800, StemCell Technologies) for 10 min on ice for lysis of red blood cells followed by a wash with PBS until obtaining a pellet of white cells. CD34+ cells were enriched using the Miltenyi kit (19056, Miltenyi Biotech) and following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Isolated human CD34+ cells were cultured in non-tissue culture treated plates for 36 hours in StemSpan SFEMII medium (09655, Stem Cell Technologies) with 100ng/ml of the following recombinant human cytokines: SCF (300–07, Peprotech), TPO (300–18, Peprotech), Flt3 (300–19, Peprotech) and IL-6 (200–06, Peprotech). Cells were then transferred to non-TC 96-well plates in a viral prep consisting of fresh media supplemented with polybrene (TR-1003-G, Sigma) and a lentivirus producing a shRNA against human FANCD2; a MOI of 50 was used for the scrambled shRNA and a MOI of 100 was used for the FANCD2 shRNAs. Plates were spun down at 2300 rpm for 30 minutes at RT and incubated for 12–16 hours. Selection media with 1 μg/ml puromycin (MIR 5940, MirusBio) was added to cultures 12–24 hours after viral infection. FA-like cells were selected in this puromycin-containing media for 72 hours.
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4

Tracking Cell Proliferation with IncuCyte

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All cell lines were transduced with IncuCyte NucLight Red lentivirus reagent (EF-1 Alpha promoter, puromycin selection) (Cat # 4476, Sartorius, Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Briefly, cells were seeded and allowed to adhere for 24 h to reach approximately 20%–40% confluence. NucLight reagent was diluted in DMEM containing 8 μg/mL polybrene (Cat # sc-134220, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX) and added to cells for 48 h. Media was then replaced with fresh DMEM containing 3 μg/mL puromycin (Cat # MIR 5940, Mirus Bio, Madison, WI). Red fluorescence was monitored on the IncuCyte ZOOM system (Sartorius, Ann Arbor, MI), and analyzed using the IncuCyte image analysis software (Sartorius, Ann Arbor, MI). Similarly, shPHGDH cells were generated using lentiviral transduction particles (shPHGDH_1, TRCN0000028520, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; shPHGDH_2, TRCN0000233033, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). shGFP vectors were utilized as transduction controls. Knockdown of PHGDH was validated using the Wes Automated Western Blotting System (ProteinSimple, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN), which uses automated capillary technology to measure protein expression and total protein concentration, per manufacturer’s protocol.
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5

Cellular Reagents and Inhibitors Database

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Farnesyltransferase inhibitor was obtained from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY) and geranylgeranyltransferase I inhibitor was from Tocris Biosciences (Bristol, UK). Horse serum and penicillin-streptomycin were from Life Technologies, Alexa Fluor 488 phalloidin and lipofectamine RNAiMAX transfection reagent were from Invitrogen, and EGF was from PeproTech, at Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Hygromycin B and ProBlock gold protease inhibitor cocktail were obtained from Gold Biotechnology (St-Louis, MI). DMEM, DMEM/F12, RPMI-1640, and McCoy’s 5A media were from Corning (Corning, NY). Rapamycin was from Research Products International (Mount Prospect, IL); Torin2 was from ApexBio (Houston, TX); fetal bovine serum (FBS) was from Avantor (Radnor Township, PA); hydrocortisone was from United States Pharmacopeia (Rockville, MD); cholera toxin was from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA); puromycin was from Mirus Bio LLC (Madison, WI); and insulin was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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6

Culturing KSHV-Infected Cell Lines

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Endothelial (TIME, TIME.219, iTIME.219) cells were cultured in VascuLife® Basal Medium supplemented with the LifeFactors® kit and 12.5 µg/ml of Blasticidin S HCL (Life Technologies). Epithelial (Vero, iSLK.219) cells were grown in DMEM media supplemented with 10% FBS (Sigma) and 5% L-Glutamine and 5% Penicillin Streptomycin (Quality Biological). Maintenance of KSHV infected cell lines (TIME.219, iTIME.219, iSLK.219) involved the addition of 10 µg/ml puromycin (Mirus Bio). A 200 µg/ml Geneticin (G418) (Life Technologies) selection was included for iTIME.219 and iSLK.219.
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7

Culturing VERO E6-TMPRSS2-ACE2 Cells

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Stably transfected African green monkey kidney Vero E6-TMPRSS2-T2A-ACE2 (BEI Resources NR-54970) cells were cultured in DMEM (Corning) 10% FBS (R&D Systems), 1 mM L-Glutamine (Corning), 0.75 mg/mL Sodium Bicarbonate (Corning), 10ug/mL Puromycin (Mirus Bio) in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2 at 37C. For neutralization assays, cells were maintained in the regular Vero E6 growth media as described in this paper.
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