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47 protocols using bat 12 microprobe thermometer

1

Allergen-Induced Thermogenic Response

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At 48 h after the last allergen skin sensitization, the pups were weighed and baseline rectal temperatures of the pups were taken using a BAT-12 Microprobe Thermometer with a RET-4 thermocouple sensor type T rectal probe for neonatal mice (Physitemp Instruments Inc). Then, the pups received PNE by gavage (100 μl of 10 mg protein/ml sterile water) using a 24 gauge gavage needle (Pet Surgical, Agoura Hills, CA). Rectal temperatures were taken every 15–20 min for up to 80 min. The pups were placed back with the mothers. Then 4 h later, the pups were euthanized and tissues collected.
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2

Thermoregulation in UCP1 Knockout Mice

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All experiments were approved by the North Stockholm Animal Ethics Committee. UCP1 KO mice originated from the institute's own breeding and were the descendants of those earlier described [18] ; they had been back-crossed to wildtype C57Bl/6 for at least ten generations; the wildtype (C57Bl/6) mice were obtained from Nova, Germany. During experimentation, mice were housed at 30 °C with relative humidity of 45–52%, and a 12 h/12 h light–dark cycle. They were single caged and had free access to standard chow diet and water. Body weight and food consumption were measured daily. Food consumption was determined by weighing the food offered and the remaining food in the cages every day. Rectal temperature was measured using a rectal probe for mice and a BAT-12 microprobe thermometer (Physitemp Instruments, Inc. USA). These procedures were performed daily at 30 °C ambient temperature between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.
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3

Body Temperature Monitoring in Mice

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Body temperature was recorded, at the beginning of the light phase, with a lubricated rectal probe connected to digital thermometer (BAT-12 Microprobe-Thermometer; Physitemp; NJ, USA) 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min following CNO (1 mg kg−1) administration in mCherry and hM4Di mice.
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4

Rectal Temperature Measurement in Mice

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Measurement of rectal temperature in mice was performed in the breeding room to avoid possible additional stressful factors. Mice were arbitrarily picked up without identification and the probe of a BAT-12 Microprobe Thermometer (Physitemp Instruments, Clifton, NJ, USA), which was immersed in mineral oil before use, was placed approximately 10 mm into the rectal canal after lifting the tail to measure the rectal temperature. During the procedure, the mice were placed on a metal grid. Mouse identification was performed after the measurement of each subject. After the measurement, the mice were placed in a holding cage until all the mice from the same home cage had completed the test.
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5

Daily Metabolic Monitoring in Mice

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Every day (from day 0 to day 6) between 10:30–11:00 AM, mice were taken out of the chambers (if relevant), and body temperature was determined with a rectal probe for mice (BAT-12 microprobe thermometer, Physitemp Instruments, Inc; Clifton, NJ, USA). Body weight and the quantity of food consumed were also measured at this time. Food was weighed when supplied, and remaining food was subtracted to calculate the food eaten per day.
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6

Selective Brain Hypothermia Induction

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Selective cerebral hypothermia was performed according to a previously published protocol (Kurisu et al., 2016a), Briefly, 4°C (cold) saline was infused (20 mL/kg) through a microcatheter placed in the right internal carotid artery via the external carotid artery for 15 minutes immediately after removal of the filament in the hypothermia group. To control for the effect of hemodilution by the infused saline, 37°C (warm) saline was infused in the same manner in the normothermia group. To ensure that selective brain hypothermia was successfully produced, cortical and rectal temperatures were monitored during the saline infusion. One rat died from hypothermia, and was replaced in subsequent experiments. Needle thermistor probes (BAT-12 Microprobe Thermometer; Physitemp Instruments, Inc., Clifton, NJ, USA) were placed into the cortex through holes 3 mm lateral to the bregma, 3 mm posterior to the bregma, and 3 mm lateral to the bregma on the ipsilateral side to monitor cortical temperature. Body temperatures were measured through the rectum. The rats were returned to their cages with free access to food and water and were closely monitored.
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7

Cold Exposure Thermal Monitoring

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The mice were subjected to a cold room (4 °C) without access to food or water. The rectal temperature was measured at the indicated time after exposure to the cold, using a rectal probe connected to digital thermometer (BAT-12 Microprobe-Thermometer; Physitemp, USA). Skin temperature was recorded with an infrared camera (Fluke TiX660 Infrared Camera, Fluke Corporation, Washington, USA) and analyzed with a specific software package (Smartview3.14.45 Fluke Corporation, Washington, USA).
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8

Acute Cold Tolerance in Mice

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Acute cold challenge was performed by first acclimating mice to thermoneutrality for 2–3 weeks in an environmental chamber set to 30 °C and a 12-h light and dark cycle. Mice were then singly housed at roughly 4 °C in prechilled cages without food or bedding. Core body temperature was monitored hourly for 5–6 h (10:00 to 13:00–14:00 local time) using a BAT-12 Microprobe Thermometer and RET-3 Rectal Probe (Physitemp). Mice were removed from the study and euthanized once their core body temperatures were measured to be 28 °C or lower. If blood or tissues were to be collected and analysed, mice were removed from the study and euthanized at least 1 h before they were expected to reach the 28 °C endpoint.
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9

Modeling Salmonella Typhimurium Infection in Mice

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In vivo mouse model of S. typhimurium infection was established as described (Mathur et al., 2012 (link)). WT and Itga4R985A/R985A C57BL/ 6J mice were orally infected with S. typhimurium (108 CFU per mouse) using a gavage needle. Rectal temperature of mice was monitored with BAT-12 Microprobe Thermometer (Physitemp). Survival was monitored by daily observation and Kaplan Meier survival graphs were generated by Prism software (GraphPad, version 5.01). n = 4–12 mice were taken for each condition. Significance was calculated and as given. The S. typhimurium strain SL1344 was a kind gift from Prof. WeiHuan Fang (Zhejiang University, China) and Prof. HongYan Wang (Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China).
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10

Locomotor Activity and Analgesia Assay

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Locomotor activity was assessed in clear Plexiglas activity chambers (47 cm × 25.5 cm × 22 cm). Each chamber was surrounded by 2 arrays of 4 × 8 photocell infrared beams, interfaced with software for automated data collection (San Diego Instruments, San Diego, CA, USA). Temperature readings were taken using a BAT-12 Microprobe Thermometer with RET-3 Rectal Probe (PhysiTemp Instruments Inc., Clifton, NJ, USA). Analgesia was measured with a Tail Flick Analgesia Meter (IITC Inc. Life Science, Woodland Hills, CA, USA).
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