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6 protocols using ab172630

1

Fluorescent Probe Assay for Transporter Inhibition

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5-(and-6)-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (CDCF) and 5-(and-6)-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (CDCFDA) were purchased from AAT Bioquest (Sunnyvale, CA, United States). Digoxin, estrone 3-sulfate (E3S), and lopinavir were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). Nelfinavir was obtained from APExBIO Technology (Houston, TX, United States). Darunavir was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, ON, Canada). A rabbit monoclonal P-gp antibody (ab120904), a rabbit monoclonal MRP2 antibody (ab172630) and a rabbit monoclonal GAPDH antibody (ab181602) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, United States), and a rabbit monoclonal BCRP antibody (CST42078) was obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, United States). All other chemicals and solvents were of the highest grade commercially available.
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2

Comprehensive Analysis of Hepatic Transporters

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HB (collection in Sichuan, 20042901), ZZ (collection in Fujian, 210303), DH (collection in Gansu, 20201211), and MX (collection in Jiangsu, 21032501) were obtained from Simcare Ltd. Primary antibodies against ZO-1 (21773-1-AP, 1:1000), occludin (13409-1-AP, 1:1000), claudin-1 (13050-1-AP, 1:1000), and the second antibody of beta-actin (20536-1-AP, 1:10000) were purchased from Proteintech Group Inc. Primary antibodies against NTCP (ab131084, 1:1000), BSEP (ab155421, 1:1000), CYP7A1 (ab234982, 1:1000), MRP2 (ab172630, 1:1000), and FXR1 (ab129089, 1:1000) were obtained from Abcam Inc. ANIT (N106389), UDCA(U110695), and olive oil (O108685) were purchased from the Aladdin Chemical Reagent Co. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (reference D4540) (St-Louis, MO, USA). The TRIzol total RNA extraction kit was obtained from Life Technologies.
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3

Rosemary Extract's Antioxidant Mechanisms

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Rosemary extract (RE, contained carnosic acid 23.2%, carnosol 12.4%), carnosic acid (CA, above 99% purity), and carnosol (CL, above 99% purity) were obtained from OnRoad Biotech Co. (Changsha, China). MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] was from THEMO cleaved caspase-3. ELISA kit was obtained from Cusabio Biotech Co. Ltd. (Wuhan, China). Antibodies for Western Blot: anti-Nrf2 antibody (ab137550) and anti-MRP2 antibody (ab172630) were from Abcam (USA). Sestrin2 (H-62) antibody was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). BCA protein assay kit was obtained from Beijing ComWin Biotech Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). One-Step RT-PCR kit was obtained from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY, USA). RNeasy mini kit and RNase-Free DNase set for RNA extraction were obtained from QIAGEN (Santa Clarita, CA, USA).
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4

Profiling Tumor Microenvironment Characteristics

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Relative changes in proliferative ability, physioxia, anti-apoptosis, drug resistance and intracellular pH levels were measured.
Monolayer cells or spheroids were fixed with 4% neutral formalin and then stained with primary antibodies against Ki-67 (ab16667, 1:100, Abcam), HIF-1α (ab1, 1:100, Abcam), MCL-1 (ab32087, 1:100, Abcam), and MRP2 (ab172630, 1:100, Abcam) to determine their characteristics.
Cytosolic pH was measured using the fluorescent dye probe Protonex™ Red 600 (Cat# 21,207, 1 ​μM; AAT Bioquest) following the manufacturer's instructions. Monolayer cells or spheroids were incubated at 37°C for 30 ​min. Cells were then gently washed in Hanks solution with 20 ​mM HEPES and analyzed.
In addition, monolayer cells or spheroids were also stained with N-cadherin (66219-1-Ig, 1:100, Proteintech), β-catenin (ab32572, 1:250, Abcam), and cytokeratin 7 (ab181598, 1:100, Abcam) to determine cell adhesion and interaction.
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5

Immunofluorescence Microscopy of MRP2 and F-actin

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Immunofluorescence analysis was performed as described previously [9 (link)]. The cells were incubated with a primary antibody directed against rabbit anti-MRP2 (ab172630; Abcam) and mouse anti-flag (#8146; Cell Signaling technology) at 4 °C overnight. After three washes with phosphate-buffered saline for 5 min each, the cells were incubated with anti-rabbit Alex 647 and anti-mouse Alex 488-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:200; Invitrogen) for 1 h at room temperature. For F-actin staining, cells were incubated with FITC-conjugated phalloidin at 50 μg/ml (P5282; Sigma) for 40 min. Then cells were mounted on a slide in mounting medium (Molecular Probes). Finally, the cells were visualized and photographed using an FV 300 confocal microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Proteins

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Protein was extracted from the cells using RIPA lysis buffer (CWBIO, China), followed by subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gels and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% BSA for 1 hour at room temperature. Corresponding primary antibodies including anti-LIF (1:500, ab138002, Abcam), anti-STAT3 (1:1000, 9139, CST), anti-p-STAS3(Tyr705) (1:1000, 9145, CST), anti-CAV1 (1:1000, ab32577, Abcam), anti-SOX2 (1:1000, ab92494, Abcam), anti-ABCC2 (1:1000, ab172630, Abcam), anti-CDA (1:1000, ab222515, Abcam), anti-ZNRF1 (1:1000, ab175125, Abcam), anti-ubiquitin (1:1000, 3936, CST), anti-GAPDH (1:1,000, abs132004, Absin) were added to the membrane at 4℃ overnight. HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies were used. The protein bands were visualized by ECL detection system (Millipore, Germany).
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